Ch7 concept quiz Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
The cores of the terrestrial worlds are made mostly of metal because ______.	metals sunk to the centers a long time ago when the interiors were molten throughout
Which internal heat source still generates heat within the terrestrial worlds today?	Heat from radioactive decay.
The reason that small planets tend to lose interior heat faster than larger planets is essentially the same as the reason that _________.	a large baked potato takes longer to cool than a small baked potato
Suppose we had a device that allowed us to see Earth's interior. If we looked at a typical region of the mantle, what would we see happening?	not much - on human time scales, the mantle looks like solid rock
Recent evidence suggests that Mars once had a global magnetic field. Assuming this is true, which of the following could explain why Mars today lacks a global magnetic field like that of Earth?	Mars's interior has cooled so much its molten core layer no longer undergoes convection.
Which of the following most likely explains why Venus does not have a global magnetic field like Earth?	its rotation is too slow
What are the two geological features that appear to set Earth apart from all the other terrestrial worlds?	plate tectonics and widespread erosion
Which of the following general statements about Earth's atmosphere is not true?	The nitrogen and oxygen in Earth's atmosphere keep the surface pleasantly warm.
Why is the sky blue (on Earth)?	Because molecules scatter blue light more effectively than red light.
Which of the following best describes how the greenhouse effect works?	planet's surface absorbs visible sunlight and returns this absorbed energy to space as infrared light. Greenhouse gases slow the escape of this infrared radiation, which thereby heats the lower atmosphere.
Suppose that Earth's atmosphere had no greenhouse gases. Then Earth's average surface temperature would be ________.	well below the freezing point of water
Most of the Moon's surface is densely covered with craters, but we find relatively few craters within the lunar maria. What can we conclude?	The maria formed after the heavy bombardment ended.
Which of the following best describes the geological histories of the Moon and Mercury?	Early in their histories, they suffered many impacts and experienced some volcanism and tectonics, but they now have little geological activity at all.
What makes us think that Mars must once have had an atmosphere that was warmer and had higher surface pressure?	The atmosphere is too cold and thin for liquid water today, yet we see evidence that water flowed on the surface in the past.
All the following statements about Mars are true. Which one might have led to a significant loss of atmospheric gas to space?	Mars lost any global magnetic field that it may once have had.
Why is Mars red?	Chemical reactions between surface rock and atmospheric oxygen literally rusted the surface.
All of the statements below are true. Which one gives the primary reason why the surface of Venus today is some 450°C hotter than the surface of Earth?	Venus has a much stronger greenhouse effect than Earth.
Many scientists suspect that Venus has a stronger and thicker lithosphere than Earth. If this is true, which of the following could explain it?	The high surface temperature that has "baked out" all the liquid water from Venus's crust and mantle
Which of the following best explain what we think happened to outgassed water vapor on Venus?	Ultraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space.
Which of the following is the underlying reason why Venus has so little wind erosion?	its slow rotation
All the following statements about Venus are true. Which one offers evidence of a global repaving about a billion years ago?	Venus has relatively few impact craters and these craters are distributed fairly evenly over the entire planet.
Why are there fewer large impact craters on the Earth's seafloor than on the continents?	Seafloor crust is younger than continental crust, so it has had less time in which to suffer impacts.
Why is Earth's continental crust lower in density than seafloor crust?	Continental crust is made as the lowest-density seafloor crust melts and erupts to the surface near subduction zones.
Which two factors are most important to the existence of plate tectonics on Earth?	mantle convection and a thin lithosphere
Why does Earth have so little carbon dioxide in its atmosphere compared to Venus?	Earth has just as much carbon dioxide as Venus, but most of it is locked up in carbonate rocks rather than being free in the atmosphere.
Which two factors are critical to the existence of the carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle on Earth?	plate tectonics and liquid water oceans
Suppose Earth were to cool down a little. How would the carbon dioxide cycle tend to restore temperatures to normal?	Cooler temperatures lead to slower formation of carbonate minerals in the ocean, so carbon dioxide released by volcanism builds up in the atmosphere and strengthens the greenhouse effect.
Which of the following is not an expected consequence of global warming?	The entire Earth will warm up by the same amount.
The choices below describe four hypothetical planets. Which one would you expect to have the hottest interior? (Assume the planets orbit a star just like the Sun and that they are all the same age as the planets in our solar system.)	Size: twice as big as Earth. Distance from Sun: same as Mercury. Rotation rate: once every 6 months.
What's the fundamental reason that Mars, unlike the Earth, has become virtually geologically dead?	its small size compared to Earth
The choices below describe four hypothetical planets. Which one would you expect to have the most features of erosion? (Assume the planets orbit a star just like the Sun and that they are all the same age as the planets in our solar system.)	Size: same as Venus. Distance from Sun: same as Mars. Rotation rate: once every 25 hours.
Size: same as Venus. Distance from Sun: same as Mars. Rotation rate: once every 25 hours.	Size: same as the Moon. Distance from Sun: same as Mars. Rotation rate: once every 10 days.

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