S&P Ch 13 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
the sensations caused by mechanical displacement of the skin	touch
perception of the position and movement of our limbs in space	kinesthesia
perception mediated by kinesthetic and internal receptors	proprioceptors
collectively, sensory signals from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, and internal receptors	somatiosensation
wide-diameter, myelinated sensory nerve fibers ◦ Transmit signals from proprioceptive receptors in muscles and tendons	a-alpha fibers
(slightly less) wide-diameter, myelinated sensory nerve fibers ◦ Transmit signals from mechanical stimulation	a-beta fibers
intermediate-sized, myelinated sensory nerve fibers ◦ Transmit pain and temperature signals	a-delta fibers
narrow-diameter, unmyelinated sensory nerve fibers ◦ Transmit pain and temperature signals	c-fibers
what are the 4 types of nerve fibers?	a-alpha, a-beta, a-delta, C fibers
sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimulation (pressure, vibration, movement); connect to a-beta fibers ◦ Include SA I (Merkel), FA I (Meissner), SA II (Ruffini), and FA II (Pacinian)	mechanoreceptors
sensory receptors that play an important role in sense of where limbs are, what kinds of movements are made ◦ Connect to A-alpha fibers and A-beta fibers	kinesthetic receptors
sensory receptors that signal information about changes in skin temperature ◦ Include warmth fibers and cold fibers ◦ Connect to A-delta fibers and C fibers	thermoreceptors
sensory receptors that respond to painful input, such as extreme heat or pressure ◦ Connect to A-delta fibers and C fibers	nociceptors
what are the 4 classic categories of discriminative touch?	tactile, thermal, pain, itch
each fiber type from the skin codes a particular touch sensation	labelled lines
carries most of the information about skin temperature and pain (slower)	spinothalamic pathway
carries signals from skin, muscles, tendons, and joints (faster)	dorsal column-medial lemniscal (DCML) pathway
maplike representation of regions of the body in the brain	homunculus
the impression of our bodies in space	bosy image
pain sensations are triggered by ____	nociceptors
a region of the brain associated with the perceived unpleasantness of pain sensations	anterior cingulate
a region of the brain concerned with cognition and executive control; may contribute to pain sensitization	prefrontal cortex
a description of the system that transmits pain that incorporates modulating signals from brain; bottom-up pain signals from nociceptors can be blocked via a circuit located in spinal cord; neurons in dorsal horn actively inhibit pain transmission	gate control theory
decreasing pain sensation during conscious experience	analgesia
a heightened response to a normally painful stimulus	hyperalgesia
decreasing pain sensation when people think they’re taking an analgesic drug but actually are not	placebo effect
increasing pain sensation when people expect pain	nocebo effect
sensation perceived from a physically amputated limb of the body	phantom limb
the ability of neural circuits to undergo changes in function or organization as a result of previous activity	neural plasticity
the minimum distance at which two stimuli are just perceptible as separate	two-point threshold
knowledge of the world that is derived from sensory receptors in skin, muscles, tendons, and joints, usually involving active exploration ◦ For instance, aligning the arrows and opening a child-proof aspirin bottle in the dark	haptic perception
geometric properties of objects are most important for visual recognition	the "what" system of touch
the inability to identify objects by touch; caused by lesions to parietal lobe	tactile agnosia
knowing where objects are in the environment using only touch perception	the "where" system of touch
the coordinate system used to define locations in space	frame of reference
the center of a reference frame used to represent locations relative to the body	egocenter
any of the specialized detectors of angular motion located in each semicircular canal in a swelling called the ampulla	thermoTRP
a region at the rear of the spinal cord that receives inputs from receptors in the skin	dorsal horn
referring to spatial mapping in the somatosensory cortex in correspondence to spatial events on the skin	somatotopic organization
a system that attempts to closely mimic biological signals	biomimetic feedback
in reference to spatial attention, a form of top-down (knowledge-driven) control in which attention is voluntarily directed toward the site where the observer anticipates a stimulus will occur	endogenous
in reference to spatial attention, a form of bottom-up (stimulus-driven) attention reflexively (involuntarily) directed toward the site at which a stimulus has abruptly appeared	exogenous

Created by: abbeysmith20122