PLN CHAP 6 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?	Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
What are the cell types in bone and what are their functions?	Osteoblasts (bone formation), osteocytes (maintain bone tissue), and osteoclasts (bone resorption).
What is the study of bones called?	Osteology
How many major bones are there in the skeletal system?	206.
What other than bones is included in the skeletal system?	Cartilage, ligaments, and connective tissue.
What are the three processes that the skeletal system undergoes? Growth, remodeling, and ______?	Growth, remodeling, and repair.
What does the skeletal system store?	Minerals and lipids.
What are the different types of bones based on their shape?	Flat, long, short, irregular, and sesamoid bones.
What is the function of sutural bones?	To fill the gaps between cranial bones.
This type of bone consist of a shaft (diaphysis) with two ends (epiphyses)	Long bone
What is the other name for sutural bones?	Wormian bones
What is the function of vertebrae?	To protect the spinal cord.
What is the function of the parietal bone?	To form the roof and sides of the skull.
What are the bones that make up the wrist called? hint: _____tunnel syndrome	Carpal bones
What are the two layers of the skull called?	External table and internal table.
What is the layer of spongy bone between the external and internal tables of the skull called?	Diploë.
What is the bone in the upper arm called?	Humerus
What is the function of sutures? and what is the term used to describe bones that form sutures?	The function on sultres:To connect cranial bones together. Type of bone that forms sultres: Sutural bones.
What are flat bones?	Bones that are thin and flat, such as the sternum and scapula.
What are sesamoid bones?	Roundish Bones that are embedded within tendons, such as the patella (kneecap).
Can you give examples of irregular bones?	pinal vertebrae, pelvic bones, and several bones in the skull.
What is the shape of short bones?	Boxlike with approximately equal dimensions.
What are the examples of short bones?	Carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle) bones.
What is the shape of the borders of sutural bones?	Like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
What are flat bones?	Bones that have thin, parallel surfaces.
What are the two types of bone markings?	1. Elevations/projections and 2. Depressions/grooves/tunnels.
What are the cell types in bone and what are their functions? Osteoblasts (build bone), osteocytes (maintain bone), and osteoclasts (break down bone).	Osteoblasts (build bone), osteocytes (maintain bone), osteogenitor cells (make osteoblasts) and osteoclasts (break down bone).
What is the function of elevations/projections on bones?	To provide attachment points for tendons and ligaments.
What is the function of depressions/grooves/tunnels on bones?	To allow blood vessels or nerves to lie alongside or penetrate the bone.
What is the classification of bone markings based on? Based on their shape and ______?	Based on their shape and function.
What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?	Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, while spongy bone is porous and found inside bones. Spongy bone is also where blood cells are produced.
What are the components of bone matrix?	Collagen(organic), hydroxyapatite crystals(inorganic), and ground substance
The composition of bone mass is ____organic and ____inorganic	The composition of bone mass is 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic
What is the name of the crystal formed by the interaction of calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide in bone matrix?	Hydroxyapatite.
What is the main material secreted by osteoblasts in bone matrix and What percentage of the organic component of bone matrix is made up of collagen fibers?	Collagen fibers and 90-95%.
What happens to calcium phosphate crystals when exposed to bending, twisting, or sudden impacts?	They shatter.
What is the structure of the bone matrix?	The bone matrix is a three-dimensional array of collagen molecules that lie in a staggered arrangement, which acts as a template for bone mineralization.
Explain the staggered arrangement of the bone matrix	The staggered arrangement allows for a template for bone mineralization because the gaps of the collagen fibred are filled in by Hydroxyapatite crystals
What % is taken up by bone cells	2%
What do osteoclasts secrete? They secrete acids and protein-digesting enzymes.	They secrete acids and protein-digesting enzymes.
What is the role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone homeostasis?	Osteoclasts constantly remove matrix while osteoblasts always add, maintaining homeostatic balance.
What happens when osteoclasts work faster?	When osteoclasts work faster, they remove calcium salts faster, leading to weaker bones.
What happens when osteoblasts work faster?	When osteoblasts work faster, they add more matrix, leading to stronger bones.
What is the function of osteogenic cells?	To divide and produce osteoblasts.
What are the pockets called that contain bone cells (osteocytes)?	The pockets are called lacunae. and are surrounded between layers of the matrix (lamellae)
What is typically organized around blood vessels that branch through bony matrix?	Lacunae are typically organized around blood vessels that branch through bony matrix.
What is bone tissue?	Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue.
What are the functions of the skeletal sysem? hint: SSBPL	Support Storage (of minerals and lipids) Blood cell production Protection Leverage
What are the two types of bone tissue?	Compact and spongy bone.
What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?	Osteon.
What is an osteon?	A unit of compact bone consisting of osteocytes arranged concentrically around a central canal (Haversian canal).
Which of these is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system? blood cell production movement protection storage of minerals and lipids	movement
Roger exercises. Steven does not. Steven's hydroxyapatite-collagen combination is less than Roger's. Roger's osteoblasts are more active than Steven's. Roger's skeleton undergoes less osteolysis than Steven's. All of the listed responses are correct.	All of the listed responses are correct.
What structural feature of compact bone prevents it from bending when forces are applied to either end?	osteons
If you examined an x-ray of a wrist and noticed the epiphyseal lines were closed, what could you conclude about this individual?	they are post pubesent
Which of these is NOT required for normal bone formation? vitamin D vitamin E vitamin A thyroxine	vitamin E
Connective tissue to bone is known as	intramembranous ossification
Describe the steps of intramembranous ossification and endochrondral ossification

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