Micro Lecture test 2 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
This is the process of acquiring chemicals from the environment to be used for cellular activities	Nutrition
___ is required for the production of the amino groups of all amino acids, and nucleotides	Nitrogen
organisms that feed on dead organisms for nutrients are called	Saprobes
the majority of human pathogens fall into the group called ___	Mesophile
Toxic hydrogen peroxide in some bacteria can be broken down into water and oxygen by the enzyme ___	Catalase
The toxic superoxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes ___	Superoxide dimutase and catalase
A halophile would grow best in ____	Salt lakes
Microbes in a biofilm use quorum sensing to___	Assess the size of a particular microbial population attach to surfaces
The phase kof the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing is the ____	Lag Phase
The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is the ___	Exponential (log) phase
Phosphorus is one of the major elements needed in larger quantities by microorganisms T or F	True
Lithoautotrophs use inorganic nutrients for carbon and energy sources T or F	True
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called ____	Thermoduric microbe
The term facultative refers to ___	The ability to exists in more than one condition, for example without oxygen
Bacteria like Staphyloccus aureus can tolerate salt up to a certain point, higher than most normal pathogens. This means this bacteria is a ____	Facultative halophile
The production of antibiotics is a form of antagonism called ____	Antibiosis
A viable count technique is a means establishing a growth curve or pattern by sampling a culture over a given period of time and counting cells (colonies) T or F	True
In the viable plate count method, a measured volume of a culture is evenly spread across an agar surface and incubated. Each __ represents one __ from the original sample	colony; cell
Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids would be considered	macronutrients
Growth factors	cannot be synthesized by the organism
Obligate parasites are unable to live outside a living cell T or F	True
Which of the following promotes the fastest replication of microbes?	optimum temperature
The term obligate refers to	existing in a very narrow niche, (has to exist in that condition)
The term aerotolerant anaerobe refers to an organism that	does not use oxygen but tolerates it
Which of the tollowing might grow in the very low pH of your stomach?	acidophile
This is a general term for when two organisms live together in a close partnership	symbiosis
This method of copying DNA or RNA can actually be used to detect and measure the amounts of microbes in a sample without culturing them	qPCR or PCR
Measuring growth by counting a special slide with a premeasured grid is known as ___	direct cell count
Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the skin is	degermation
Radiation typically damages Nucleic Acids. This means it damages	DNA and RINA
Dry heat __	Typically takes longer to effect bacteria than moist heat
Cold sterilization is when ionizing ___ is used as an effective alternative for sterilizing materials that would be sensitive to heat or sterilizing chemicals	radiation
Ethylene oxide is __	A gaseous sterilant.
The first modern antimicrobial drugs were sulfa drugs T or F	True
Inorganic nutrients typically contain carbon and are produced by living things T or F	False
All __ consist of a thiazolidine ring, a beta-lactam ring, and an R group	Penicillins
Clavulanic acid inhibits	Beta-lactamase activity
Heavy metal compounds like mercury and silver are oligodynamic, meaning they are toxic in minute quantities T or F	True
Which of the following is not one of the toxic forms of oxygen that can damage the cell?	Water
__ would most likely have a optimum growth temperature of 37 degrees Celsius	Mesophile
Sterilization is achieved by	Steam autoclave
The us eof chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is __	Antisepsis
__ heat is more rapidly effective and efficient compared to __	Moist; dry
Chemicals like triclosan are being removed from antiseptic product like soaps because of possible long-term health effects, what group of antimicrobial chemicals does triclosan belong to?	Phenolics
Which antimicrobial methods does not sterilize	Pasteurization
An organism that needs oxygen to grow Is a(n)	obligate aerobe
Each of the following is a target of antimicrobial agents except	cytoplasm
___ radiation excites atoms to a higher energy state within molecules such as DNA, which leads to the formation of pyrimidine dimers	Ultraviolet
Heavy metal compounds like mercury and silver are oligodynamic, meaning they are toxic in minute quantities T or F	True
The Kirby-Bauer test uses an agar surface seeded with the test bacterium, and small discs containing a specific concentration T or F	True
All ___ consist of a thiazolidine ring, a beta-lactam ring, and an R group	penicillins
Clavulanic acid inhibits	beta-lactamase activity
An organism that needs oxygen to grow is called	Obligate aerobe
If a microbe is exposed to a temperature below its minimum temperature, it is quickly killed? T or f	False
The Calvin cycle in photosynthesis is exactly like the Krebs cycle in that it oxidizes a carbohydrate into co2 t or f	False
A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive exposure to high temps is called	thermoduric microbe
the following temp ranges would be a "danger zone" for food to be at for a considerable length of time?	20-40°C
Microbes in a biofilm use quorum sensing to	assess the size of a particular microbial population
What is the difference between mutualism and synergism?	In mutualism, the organisms are dependent upon each other
Organisms that grow at 0°C and have optimum growth temperatures of 15°C or lower are called	psychrophiles
When microbes live independently but cooperate and share nutrients, it is called	synergism
When microbes are in a close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed harmed, it is called	commensalism
These microbes grow better at a higher concentration of carbon dioxide	capnophiles
During which phase of growth would bacteria be most sensitive to antibiotics?	exponential (log)
Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines are known as	prebiotics
A large percentage of antibiotics in the United States are for livestock use. Why is this problematic for Us?	Resistant bacteria grow in the animals and may then be passed to humans
Antibiotics like penicillin will shorten the duration of the common colds or f	False
Bacteria can have a natural resistance to a drug to which they have never been exposed t or f	True
Some bacteria prevent antibiotics from entering by altering the structure of their ribosomes in the outer membrane t or f	False
The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials include	synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure
possible mechanisms of antiviral drugs	-blocking DNA replication, and/or transcription and translation -blocking maturation -blocking entry/penetration
Alexander Fleming found that the Staphylococcus was being inhibited by the Penicillium mold t or f	True
Kirby-Bauer test uses an agar surface seeded with the test bacterium, and small discs containing a specific concentration of several drugs are placed on the surface t or f	True
DNA ___ is targeted by certain drugs such as the fluoroquinolones, and is prevented from uncoiling DNA	Gyrase
Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and, as a result, they inhibit __ synthesis	Folic acid
A large percentage of all sales of medically important antibiotics in the United States are for livestock use. Why is this problematic for humans?	Resistant bacteria grow in the animals and may then be passed to humans
Bacteria can have a natural resistance to a drug to which they have never been exposed t or f	True
what happens in Osmotic pressure as an antimicrobial agent	hypertonic environments draws water out of the cell, causing plasmolysis
Enzyme that will allow some bacteria to be resistant to many penicillins is called	penicillinase
Polymixins are narrow-spectrum peptide antibiotics that attack DNA and denature it T or F	False
In a normal growth curve, the curve dips downwards in the	death phase
Drugs that act by mimicking the normal substrate of an enzyme, thereby blocking its active site, are called	competitive inhibitors
The multidrug resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes function by	removing the drug from the cell when it enters
Antibiotics that disrupt bacterial ribosomes can also affect	eukaryotic mitochondrial ribosomes
Bacteriostatic agents kill bacterial cells T or F	False
Each affect cell walls except -penicillin -vancomycin -erythromycin -cephalosporin	erythromycin (a macrolide)

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