Biology Quiz 11 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
aneuploid	individual with an error in chromosome number; includes chromosome segment deletions and duplications
polyploid	individual with an incorrect number of chromosome sets
centimorgan (cM)	(also, map unit) relative distance that corresponds to a 0.01 recombination frequency = 1 cM
recombination frequency	average number of crossovers between two alleles; observed as the number of nonparental types in a progeny's population
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance	theory proposing that chromosomes are the genes' vehicles and that their behavior during meiosis is the physical basis of the inheritance patterns that Mendel observed
translocation	process by which one chromosome segment dissociates and reattaches to a different, nonhomologous chromosome
chromosome inversion	detachment, 180° rotation, and chromosome arm reinsertion
trisomy	otherwise diploid genotype in which one entire chromosome duplicates
euploid	individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species
X inactivation	condensing X chromosomes into Barr bodies during embryonic development in females to compensate for the double genetic dose
homologous recombination	process by which homologous chromosomes undergo reciprocal physical exchanges at their arms, also crossing over
karyogram	a karyotype's photographic image
karyotype	an individual's chromosome number and appearance; includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position
monosomy	otherwise diploid genotype in which one chromosome is missing
nondisjunction	failure of synapsed homologs to completely separate and migrate to separate poles during the meiosis' first cell division
nonparental (recombinant) type	progeny resulting from homologous recombination that exhibits a different allele combination compared with its parents
parental types	progeny that exhibits the same allelic combination as its parents
When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. What was the explanation for this result?	The gene involved is located on the X chromosome.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a serious condition caused by a recessive allele of a gene on the human X chromosome The pts have muscles that weaken over time bc they have absent or decreased dystrophin How likely is it for a woman to have this condition?	One-half of the daughters of an affected father and a carrier mother could have this condition.
Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy;. Only boys are affected, & they are always born to phenotypically normal parents. Is this disorder likely to be caused by a dominant or recessive allele? Is the inheritance of this trait sex-linked or autosomal?	recessive, sex-linked
A recessive allele on the X chromosome is responsible for red-green color blindness in humans. A woman with normal vision whose father is color blind marries a color-blind male. What is the probability that this couple's first son will be color blind?	1/2
Which of the following statements correctly describes the meaning of the chromosome theory of inheritance as expressed in the early 20th century?	Mendelian genes are at specific loci on the chromosome and, in turn, segregate during meiosis.
Which of the following statements regarding gene linkage is correct?	The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them.
Which of the following phrases correctly defines what one map unit is?	a 1% frequency of recombination between two genes
Why are males more often affected by sex-linked traits than females?	Males only have one X chromosome so they cannot be carriers.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the reason that closely linked genes are typically inherited together?	They are located close together on the same chromosome.
If cell X enters meiosis, and nondisjunction of one chromosome occurs in one of its daughter cells during meiosis II, how will this affect the gametes at the completion of meiosis?	One-quarter of the gametes descended from cell X will be n + 1, one-quarter will be n - 1, and half will be n.
A couple has a child with Down syndrome. The mother is 39 years old at the time of delivery. Which of the following is the most probable cause of the child's condition?	One of the gametes in the mother most likely underwent nondisjunction during meiosis.
In cats, black fur color is determined by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus determines orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male?	tortoiseshell females; black males
Inheritance patterns can't always be explained by Mendel's models of inheritance. If a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis I, select the choice that shows the chromosome # of the 4 resulting gametes w/ respect to the (n)?	n + 1; n + 1; n - 1; n - 1
A color-blind boy has a mother with normal vision and a color-blind father. From which parent did he get the color-blind gene?	mother
Boy, dwf w/ aplasia & normal vis bangs a color blind gal, norm ht Man's dad was 6' & both the gals parents: avg ht Dwarfism w/ aplasia is autosomal dom & red green color blindness is X linked rec How many daughters expected to be color-blind w/ aplasia?	none
The SRY gene is best described as ________.	a gene present on the Y chromosome that triggers male development
In humans, the sex of the offspring is determined by the:	sex chromosome carried by the sperm cell
Traits controlled by sex-linked recessive genes are expressed more often in males because:	the male has only one gene for the trait.
A woman is found to have 47 chromosomes, including three X chromosomes. Which of the following statements describes her expected phenotype?	healthy female of slightly above-average height

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