Physics Review Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| "Smart rocks" are considered for: | Ballistic missile defense |
| One watt is equivalent to: | One joule/second |
| The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs exploded because: | It got very hot from the impact |
| Kinetic Energy can be measured in: | Watts |
| Which of the following statements is true? | Power is energy divided by time |
| For each of these, mark whether it is a unit of energy (E) or power (P): A. Horsepower B. Kilowatt-hour C. Watt D. Calorie | Horsepower: P Kilowatt-hour: E Watt: P Calorie: E |
| Hybrid vehicles run on: | Electric power and gasoline |
| What is the main reason that hydrogen-driven automobiles have not replaced gasoline ones? | Hydrogen is too difficult to store in an automobil |
| Compared to an equal weight of gasoline, U-235 can deliver energy that is greater by a factor of (choose the closest value): | One million |
| Which of the following contains the most energy per gram? | Uranium |
| Compare the energy in a kilogram of gasoline to that in a kilogram of flashlight batteries: | The gasoline has about 70 times MORE energy |
| What is least expensive-for the same energy delivered? | Coal |
| The kinetic energy of a typical 1-gram meteor is approximately equal to the energy of: | 150 grams of TNT |
| Coal reserves in the United States are expected to last for: | Hundreds of years |
| A limitation for all electric automobiles is: | Low energy density per battery |
| Solar power is about (choose all that are correct): | 1 kW per square meter |
| The efficiency of inexpensive solar cells is closest to: | 12% |
| A human, running up stairs, can briefly use power of approximately: | 1 horsepower |
| A 12-oz can of soft drink (not the "diet" or "lite" kind) contains about: | 150 calories |
| A large nuclear power plant delivers energy of about: | 1 gigawatt |
| Electricity from a AAA battery costs the consumer about: | $1000 per kilowatt-hour |
| Electricity from a wall plug costs the consumer about: | 10 cents per kWh |
| The energy per gallon (not per pound) of liquid hydrogen compared to gasoline, is about: | 3x less |
| Most of the hydrogen we use in the United States comes from: | It is manufactured from fossil fuels and/or water |
| You have 10 tungsten bulbs, and each uses 100 watts. You leave them all on for an hour. The energy used is: | 1 kWh |
| The kinetic energy of a bullet, per gram, is (within a factor of 2): | About the same as the energy released from 1 gram of TNT |
| If you double the energy content of a kilogram of gas, the temperature of the gas (measured on the absolute K scale): | Doubles |
| About how fast are molecules in air moving? | 1000 ft/sec |
| Temperature is the measure of: | Average kinetic energy |
| In a bucket of water, the instantaneous speed of the molecules is closest to: | Approximately 1000 ft/s |
| A refrigerator operating in a room: | Warms the room |
| A refrigerator with its door open is operating in a room. It: | Warms the room |
| A table has the same temperature as the air above it. That means that the molecules in the air and in the tables have: | The same average energy |
| Ice melts at: | 0 C |
| A gas heater warms a room mostly through: | Convection |
| The velocity of sound: | Increases when the temperature increases |
| If a gasoline engine produces a hotter explosion, then the efficiency of the engine should: | Go up |
| A cup full of water and made of plastic feels warmer then one made of glass because: | Plastic conducts heat less than glass |
| The atom with the fewest number of protons is: | Hydrogen |
| How many atoms are there in the width of a human hair? About: | 125,000 |
| The speed of sound is approximately: | 1000 feet per second |
| Put a hot glass in cool water. The glass shatters because: | The outer surface of the glass contracts rapidly, but the inner part doesn't |
| Sea level is rising from global warming. The main cause is: | Expanding sea water |
| The temperature warms by 2 C. That is approximately the same as: | 4 F |
| Heat a room using the least energy by: | Using natural gas to run a heat pump |
| There is almost no hydrogen gas in the atmosphere because: | It escapes Earth's gravity |
| At March 10, if all the energy of a meteorite went into heating the meteorite, it's temperature would be about: | 30,000 C |
| The New Orleans levees failed because: | They were weaker at the thermal expansion joints |
| If temperature rises by 5 C = 9 F, then the rise in sea level will be about: | 12 feet |
| For a typical auto, the fraction of the gasoline energy wasted as heat is about (careful, this may be a trick question): | 80% |
| The temperature in the sun: | Is not well defined |
| When a material is cooled: | some materials contract and some expand |
| The melting temperature of an object is usually: | equal to its freezing point |
| Absolute zero is the temperature of | nothing |
| When a liquid boils, the increase in volume (liquid to gas) is typically a factor of | 1,000 |
| If the temperature of a gas in a container goes from 0 C to 300 C the pressure will | becomes 300 times greater |
| Firewalking is similar to | water on saucepan |
| For gasoline to explode, it needs | to be mixed with oxygen |
| To be more efficient, the temperature difference (between the ignited hot fuel and the cool part of the engine) should be | as large as possible |
| Heat flow through empty space (no atoms present) | occurs through radiation |
| Entropy (optical topic) measures | disorder |
| Molecular motion stops at | 0K |
| At high velocities, most of the fuel used in an automobile is used to overcome | air resistance |
| Balloons rise until | the surrounding air becomes too dense |
| At an altitude of 200 km, the downward force of gravity on an Earth satellite is | a little bit weaker |
| Airplanes fly (maintain their altitude) by | pushing air downward |
| Rockets fly by | pushing fuel donward |
| The storm surge in a hurricane comes from | low pressure |
| When an astronaut in space sneezes, his head is snapped back with higher velocity than on Earth, because | wrong! his head is not snapped back with higher velocity |
| A rail gun | doesn't really accelerate things |
| The Sun would be a black hole if it were squeezed into a radius of | 2 miles |
| The method that would take the least energy to get something to space is | lifting it by elevator (if elevator existed) |
| If an artificial satellite orbited the Earth at 240,000 miles (the distance to the Moon), it would orbit the Earth in a period of | 1 month |
| The time it takes a geosynchronous satellite to orbit the Earth is | 1 day |
| The force of gravity between two people standing next to each other is | small but mesurable |
| You can see where the tropopause is by | looking at the tops of thunderstorms |
| If satellites fly too low, they will crash because | of stronger gravity |
| Ice-skaters spin faster by pulling in their arms. This illustrates that | angular momentum is conserved |
| Someone firing a rifle is pushed back by the rifle. This illustrates that | momentum is covered |
| A problem with rail guns is that | the high accelerations can cause damage |
| The maximum acceleration of the space shuttle is about | 3 g's |
| The lowest practical altitude for a satellite orbiting the Earth is about | 600 miles |
| For very high velocities, the best kind of rocket to use is | ion rocket |
| The altitude of a geosynchronous satellite is closest to | 22,000 miles |
| Skyhook, if built, is | a way to get into space using less enegy |
| If you fall for one second, your speed will be approximately | 22 mph |
| Artificial gravity can be created in a spaceship by | accelerating the ship |
| Orbital velocity is about | 5 miles per second |
| The Sun is mostly hydrogen, yet the Earth has very little hydrogen gas. That's because | it escaped to space |
| The orbit of GPS is | MEO (middle earth orbit) |
| A geosynchronous satellite orbits the Earth | once every 24 hours |
| A typical spy satellite can continuously observe a location on the ground for about | one minute |
| Compared to the weight of the payload, the fuel used in a rocket to orbit typically weighs | over 20 times more |
| *A cubic meter balloon can lift | about one gram |
| Spy satellites usually fly at | Leo |
| Energy in the Sun is produced primarily by | fusion |
| The mass of the nucleus is closest to | 99% of that in the entire atom |
| Radioactivity in the Earth leads to | energy for volcanoes, helium for toy balloons, heat for geysers |
| LD50 refers to a | lethal dose |
| A major reason that your body is not radioactive is that | you eat radioactive carbon in your food |
| The primary cause of death from the Hiroshima bomb was | the blast from the bomb |
| Fission fragments are | among the most dangerous kind of radiation |
| **Wine made from fossil fuels is not radioactive because | the radioactivity has decayed away |
| If the half-life of an element is big, that means that | it decays slower than one with a small half-life |
| Muller wears a wristwatch with tritium in the watch hands because | the levels of radiation that emerge are safe |
| After three half-lives, the fraction of nuclei remaining is | 1/8 |
| Most of the elements found on the Earth were created | in the first few million years of the Earth's existence |
| The fraction of the US population that dies from cancer is typically | about 1 in 5 |
| Watch dials containing radium glow because | the radiation hits a phosphor |
| Choose all the items that derive from radioactivity | helium for children's balloons volcanic lava |
| After four half-lives, the surviving tritium atoms are removed. Compared to completely new tritium atoms, they are expected to live | exactly as long |
| One rem of radiation does takes how many gammas per square centimeter | about 2 billion |
| Which requires the larger dose | cancer |
| The linear hypothesis is | widely used even though it is not proven |
| A Sievert is how many rem | 100 |
| Cancer is lower in Denver because | we don't know why |
| The number of deaths from the Chernobyl accident is about | 24,000 |
| Radioactivity is used in | smoke detectors |
| Neutron activation is used | to search for rare atoms |
| Dirty bombs may be less of a threat than people fear, because | dirty bombs require plutonium, and that is hard for terrorists to obtain |
| Radioactivity in the Earth is responsible for | helium we use in balloons |
| Volcanic heat comes from | fusion deep in the Earth |
| The best way to measure the age of an ancient bone is | radiocarbon dating |
| An RTG (radioisotope thermoelectric generator) is | carried in satellites for power |
| Uranium is found on Earth, even though it is radioactive. That's because | it has a very long half-life |
| Carbon-14, compared to carbon-12 | has more protons |
| Alexander Litvinenko was assassinated with | plutonium |
| The radiation from cell phones | does not cause cancer |
| The threshold for radiation illness is about | 100 rem |
| The natural radioactivity (rate of nuclear decays) in a typical human body is closest to | 4000 per second |
| The source of energy in the Sun is | fusion of hydrogen |
| Which of the following is most toxic per gram | Plutonium |
| The radioactivity from your own body | does cause cancer, but at a very low rate |
| Drinking alcohol is required to be radioactive because | it shows that the alcohol was "aged" |
| Recent reports discussing the population bomb | indicate that the explosion is slowing |
| A one-kiloton nuclear weapon, exploded at ground level would destroy | about 1 square kilometer of a city |
| For an atomic bomb, the number of doublings required is closest to | 80 |
| An implosion-type bomb is required for | a Pu-239 bomb |
| Moore's law relates to | computer chip capacity |
| Which of the following does not represent exponential growth | illness from anthrax |
| The statement that the Chernobyl accident will kill 24,000 people is based on | the linear hypothesis |
| A moderator is something that | slows neutrons |
| The dangerous radioactivity in fallout comes from | fission fragments |
| Fallout is much worse if the bomb | is exploded near the ground |
| A nuclear reactor cannot explode like a nuclear bomb because | the nuclear reactor depends on slow neutrons |
| According to the text, the least bad place to put nuclear waste is | underground |
| A breeder reactor is designed to produce | Plutonium |
| The number of nuclear weapons that the US had was closest to | 10,000 |
| PCR has been used to | identify children of Thomas Jefferson check the guilt of convicted murders identify victimes of 9/11 identify the fathers of children |
| The hiroshima bomb used | a gun design |
| If the water moderator is lost from a nuclear reactor, | the chain reaction will increase, causing a reactivity accident |
| The material that might be "reprocessed" from nuclear waste is | Pu-239 |
| Which of the following is not a good example of the doubling law | future population growth |
| The Canadian Candu reactors use | deuterium |
| Plutonium can explode with few generations that can uranium because | plutonium fission releases more neutrons. |
| In a nuclear power plant, the matieral that runs through the turbine is | steam |
| The number of deaths from the Nagaski bomb is estimated to be | 50,000 to 150,000 |
| The smallest container that could contain one critical mass of plutonium is | coffee mug |
| The bomb dropped on Hiroshima used as its fuel | Uranium |
| Saddam Hussein planned to enrich uranium using | Calutrons |
| A centrifuge enrichment plant takes an area of about | one large classroom |
| Pcr involves | DNA |
| One of the most dangerous radioactive matierals from fallout is | Sr-90 |
| The term China Symdrome refers to | meltdown of the nuclear fuel |
| Depleted uranium is a useful substance because | an artillery shell made from it is very penetrating |
| PCR was used to learn about | descendants of Sally Hemmings |
| Another name for the H bomb is | thermonuclear bomb |
| A nuclear explosion similar to the one produced by North Korea would destroy | the size of a college campus |
| Cold fusion | has been seen in laboratory experiments |
| At Three Mile Island | some of the uranium fuel melted |
| What distinguishes a breeder reactor from other reactors is that | it makes more fuel than it uses |
| Jupiter is not a star because | it isn't massive enough |
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