Biology Honors Ch. 2 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
What are the three parts of the cell theory?	All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; all existing cells are produced by other living cells
composed of one cell	unicellular
composed of many cells that may organize	multicellular
Two types of cells	prokaryotic and eukaryotic
This type of cell has no nucleus, is unicellular, has cell walls made of peptidoglycan, and an example of an organism made of this type of cell is bacteria	prokaryotic
This type of cell has a nucleus, organelles, and makes up animals, plants, fungi, and protists	eukaryotic
All cells (plant AND animal) have these 4 things:	cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material (DNA or RNA)
specialized structures within the cell that work together to help the cell function ("mini organs")	organelles
CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL; surrounds outside of all cells, made of two layers	cell (plasma) membrane
2 layers of fat	phospholipid bilayer
GIVES THE CELL SHAPE; CAN MOVE ORGANELLES AROUND; PROVIDES STRUCTURAL SUPPORT FOR ANIMAL CELLS; network of threadlike fibers, made of proteins	cytoskeleton
HOLDS EVERYTHING IN PLACE & PROVIDES A SOLUTION FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS TO TAKE PLACE IN; jelly-like substance, mainly made of water	cytoplasm
PROTECTS THE DNA THAT CONTROLS ALL ACTIVITIES OF A CELL; contains genetic material (DNA); surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane	nucleus
MAKES rRNA WHICH MAKE UP RIBOSOMES; inside the nucleus	nucleolus
MAKE PROTEINS IN A PROCESS CALLED TRANSLATION; located on Rough ER and floating in cytoplasm	ribosomes
MAKES PROTEINS; has ribosomes on surface; hugs the nucleus	Rough ER
MAKES LIPIDS, DESTROYS TOXINS, REGULATES CALCIUM; no ribosomes on surface; attached to rough ER	Smooth ER
PROCESSES, SORTS, AND SHIPS PROTEINS WHERE NEEDED; folded membrane	Golgi apparatus
BREAKS DOWN DEAD STUFF, FOOD, BACTERIA, OLD PARTS OF CELL); CAN DO PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH (APOPTOSIS); contains enzymes; in animal cells only	lysosomes
STORAGE 9WATER, NUTRIENTS, WASTE, ETC.); small and numerous in animal cells; one large central one in plant cells	vacuole
APPEAR DURING CELL DIVISION & HELP CELL DIVIDE BY PULLING CHROMOSOMES APART; made of microtubules; animal cells only	centrioles/centrosomes
MOVES FLUID ACROSS CELL SURFACE; shorter, more numerous, like tiny oars; animal and bacteria cells only	cilia
MOVES ENTIRE CELL; longer, fewer (1-3); animal and bacteria cells only	flagella
WHERE CELLULAR RESPIRATION HAPPENS; BREAKS DOWN FOOD TO RELEASE ENERGY AS ATP; POWERHOUSE OF CELL	mitochondria
WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS; in plant cells only	choloroplast
PROTECTS AND MAINTAINS SHAPE; made of cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi, and peptidoglycan in bacteria; plant and bacteria cells only	cell wall
1 massive central structure; STORAGE CENTER; plant cells only	central vacuole
the need of an organism to maintain and regulate constant or stable internal conditions	homeostasis
The cell membrane is ____________ _____________________, meaning certain substances can move across it freely, while others must move through a "gate"	selectively permeable
Transport of materials can be _______ _______ or ______ ______.	passive transport or active transport
cellular transport that requires NO EXTRA ENERGY by the cell because molecules move from high concentration to low concentration	passive transport
cellular transport that requires EXTRA ENERGY (ATP) to be spent to bring materials into the cell or expel materials out of the cell moving from low concentration to high concentration	active transport
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated Diffusion are all examples of _____ transport.	passive
Molecular Pumps, Exocytosis, and Endocytosis are all examples of ____ transport.	active
The type of passive transport where molecules spread out across a membrane until they are equally concentrated on both sides of the membrane	diffusion
The type of passive transport where a transport protein acts as a protein channel to help the diffusion of molecules that normally couldn't pass through the cell membrane	facilitated diffusion
The type of passive transport where water is diffused across the cell membrane	osmosis
In a ________ solution, water will tend to move OUT of the cell and the cell shrivels	hypertonic
In a ________ solution, water will tend to move INTO a cell and the cell swells	hypotonic
In a _______ solution, identical water concentrations to what is found in a cell's cytoplasm and the cell stays the same	isotonic
The type of active transport where a cell uses energy to pump molecules across the membrane through a protein channel	molecular pumps
The type of active transport where a cell uses energy to IMPORT large amounts of materials INTO the cell using a VESICLE (ex. White blood cells engulf bacteria to fight infection)	endocytosis
Two types of endocytosis are ______ (cell "eating") and _______ (cell "drinking"	phagocytosis and pinocytosis
The type of active transport where a cell uses energy to EXPORT large amounts of materials OUT OF the cell using a vesicle (ex. Nerve cells release neurotransmitters to pass signals to the brain)	exocytosis
gives rise to many IDENTICAL cells	cell division
a process that creates special structures and functions	differentiation
a repeated pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells	cell cycle
Three phases of the cell cycle	interphase, mitosis, cytokenesis
The GROWTH PHASE of the cell divided into 3 phases	interphase
Interphase has three phases: G1, S, and G2. At the end of the interphase the cell has 2 full sets of __________	chromosomes
one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information	chromosome
The CELL DIVISION phase where one cell becomes 2 identical daughter cells	mitosis
5 parts of Mitosis	Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
Part of mitosis where the nuclear membrane disappears and spindle fibers form out of the centrioles	prophase
Part of mitosis where the chromosomes MOVE TO THE MIDDLE of the cell	metaphase
Part of mitosis where sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell	anaphase
Part of mitosis where nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes at each side of cell and cytokinesis begins	telophase
the division of the cytoplasm into two individual cells	cytokinesis
Why do body cells divide?	growth and repair
programmed cell death (ex. web fingers and toes during development)	apoptosis
uncontrolled cell division	cancer
clumps of cells that divide uncontrollably	tumor
cancer cells that break away from the tumor and are carried to other parts of the body to form more tumors	malignant
spread of disease from one organ to others	metastasize
abnormal cells typically remain clustered together; it may be harmless and easily removed	benign
cancer-causing agents	carcinogens

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