Perio.2 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
What type of epithelium is the gingiva made of?	stratified squamous epithelium (flat cells arranged in several layers)
Name two types of gingiva that are keratinized or parakeratinized.	outer surface of the free gingiva attached gingiva
What are the four layers of keratinized or parakeratinized gingiva?	1. stratum basale 2. stratum spinosum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum corneum
Which layer of epithelium in the oral cavity may contain melanocytes?	stratum basale
Which layer of epithelium in the oral cavity may contain keratinocytes and Langerhans cells?	stratum spinosum
How is nonkeratinized epithelium different than keratinized?	has nuclei more permeable to fluids, bacteria & toxins
Where is nonkeratinized epithelium found in the oral cavity?	sulcular epithelium interdental col tissue *Jnctional epithelium (JE)
How is the sulcular epithelium affected because it is not keratinized?	it is permeable & fluid & leukocytes move from connective tissue into the sulcus; also allows bacteria & byproducts to pass into gingival tissue
What is the easiest point of entry for bacterial to invade the connective tissue of the gingiva?	The Junctional epithelium because it is nonkeratinized.
How do the epithelial cells of the JE attach to the tooth surface?	hemidesmosomes connect epithelial cells to the INTERNAL basal lamina (cell to basal lamina)
How do the epithelial cells of the JE attach to the connective tissue?	hemidesmosomes connect epithelial cells to the EXTERNAL basal lamina (cell to basal lamina)
What are desmosomes?	cells that connect two neighboring epithelial cells (cell to cell)
Do epithelial cells contain blood vessels?	no, epithelial tissues receive nourishment from blood vessels in connective tissue
What is the function of gingival connective tissue of the free and attached gingiva (aka: lamina propria)?	Provides solidity to the gingiva & attaches the gingiva to the cementum & alveolar bone.
Name the two components of gingival connective tissue.	1. Extracellular matrix 2. Cells
What are the two components of extracellular matrix of gingival connective tissue?	protein fibers (collagen fibers) ground substance (made from carboydrate)& gel like substance
Name the different types of cells found in gingival connective tissue.	fibroblasts neutrophils macrophages lymphocytes
What are gingival fiber groups?	collagen fiber bundles that reinforce the PDL
Name the 9 gingival fiber groups.	alveologingival dentogingival circular periostogingival intergingival intercircular interpapillary transgingival *transseptal fiber bundles
What do the alveologingival fiber bundles do?	attach gingiva to the bone
What do the dentogingival fiver bundles do?	attach gingiva to the teeth
What do the circular fiber bundles do?	encircle the tooth & connect adjacent teeth to one another
What do periostogingival fiber bundles do?	attach gingiva to the bone (causes stippling effect)
What do intergingival fiber bundles do?	extend in a mesiodistal direction link adjacent teeth into a dental arch unit
What do intercircular fiber bundles do?	encircle several teeth & link adjacent teeth into a dental arch unit
What do interpapillary fiber bundles do?	connect the oral & vestibular interdental papillae of posterior teeth
What do transgingival fiber bundles do?	keep teeth in alignment - cementum of one tooth to cementum of adjacent tooth including bone
What do transseptal fiber bundles do	keep teeth in alignment - cementum of one tooth over alveolar bone to cementum of adjacent tooth
What is the biologic width?	The distance from the base of the sulcus to the alveolar bone.
What is the length of the biologic width?	approximately 2mm (it's always constant) =1mm JE + 1mm space of supragingival fiber groups
What role does biologic width play in dental restorations?	if a crown margin is placed to close to the bone and doesn't allow the appropriate biologic width it will cause localized bone loss.
Define periodontal ligament.	thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue located between the tooth and its bony socket.
Name the components of the PDL.	fiber bundles Cells (fibroblasts w/cementoblasts & osteoblasts) extracellular matrix blood vessels & nerve supply
What are the functions of the PDL?	supportive function (attaches tooth to bone) sensory function nutritive function (to cementum & bone) formative function (cementoblasts &osteoblasts) *resorptive function (osteoclasts-resorb bone)
Name the fiber bundles of the PDL.	alveolar crest horizontal oblique apical *interradicular fiber groups
What do alveolar crest fiber groups do?	(run diagonal dir) resists horizontal movements of the tooth
What do horizontal fiber groups do?	(right angle to long axis of tooth) resists horizontal movements of the tooth
What do oblique fiber groups do?	(run diagonal dir) resists vertical pressures that threaten to drive the root into its socket)
What do apical fiber groups do?	(apical-diagonal dir.) secure tooth to socket & resists forces that might lift the tooth out of the socket
What do interradicular fiber groups do?	(only in multirooted teeth) stablize tooth in its socket
Define Sharpey's Fibers.	The ends of the PDL fibers that are embedded in the cementum and alveolar bone.
What is cementum?	calcified layer of connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth
What is the function of cementum?	1. seals & covers open dentinal tubules & protects underlying dentin 2. attaches the periodontal fibers to the tooth 3. forms new cementum & compensates for attrition
What are the components of mature cementum?	1. mineralized intercewllular substance (hydroxyapatite crystals & organic matrix-ground substance & collagen fibers) 2. cementocytes
Name the two types of cementum.	1. acellular (never changes) 2. cellular (gets bigger throughout life of tooth)
What % of cases does cementum overlap enamel at the CEJ?	60
What % of cases does cementum meet enamel at the CEJ?	30
What % of cases is there a gap between cementum and enamel @ CEJ?	10
What is the alveolar bone made of?	mineralized connective tissue made by osteoblasts
T/F bone formation only occurs during development?	False, alveolar bone is constantly undergoing periods of formation & resorption.
Name the components of alveolar bone.	*mineralized extracellular matrix (hydroxyapatite crystals, collagen fibers & ground substance) 2 cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts & osteoclasts) 3. blood, lymph vessels & nerves
What tissue serves as a covering tissue for the outer surfaces of the body and a lining tissue for body cavities such as the mouth, stomach, and intestines?	Epithelial tissue
Which tissue fills the spaces between the tissues and organs of the body?	Connective tissue
Which epithelial layer comprises cells with nuclei tht act as a cushion against mechanical stress and wear?	nonkeratinized layer
Epithelial cell junctions are cellular structures that can attach to...	epithelial cell to a neighboring epithelial cell or epithelial cell to a basal lamina
What is the function of cell junction?	allow cells to bind together to function as a strong structural unit
What is a cell junction that connects an epithelial basal cell to the basal lamina called?	Hemidesmosome
T/F In MOST places in the body, the epithelium meets the connective tissue in a wavy uneven junction.	True
What are the deep extensions of epithelium that reach down into the connective tissue called?	Epithelial ridges
T/F Connective tissue comprises a gellike substance, fibers, and few cells.	True
T/F The sulcular and junctional epithelium are keratinized epithelial tissues.	False
What is the epithelium that forms the base of the sulcus and joins the gingiva to the tooth called?	Junctional epithelium
In the junctional epithelium, epithelial cells attach to neighboring epithelial cells via...	Desmosomes
The junctional epithelium attaches to the tooth surface via what?	Hemidesmosomes and the internal basal lamina
The junctional epithelium attaches to the connective tissue via what?	Hemidesmosomes and the external basal lamina
The biologic width is the distance from the (a) to the (b)?	(a) JE (b) crest of the alveolar bone
The periodontal ligament is a thin sheet of fibrous tissue located between the (a) and the (b)	(a) tooth (b) bony socket
T/F An important function of the cementum of the tooth is to attach the periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth.	True
T/F Alveolar bone is mineralized connective tissue?	True

Created by: riodentalhygiene