Chapter 8 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
The lethal dose of ionizing radiation for humans is what?	LD is 50/60 (50% for 60 days)
Acute radiation syndrome occurs in 4 response stages what are they in order?	Prodromal, latent period, manifest illness, recovery or death
What is the most radio sensitive vital organ system in the human body?	Hematopoietic
When cells are exposed yo sublethal doses of ionizing radiation, approximately ___________ of radiation induced damage may be repaired over time, and about _______ is irreparable.	90%, 10%
The total radiation dose received by a somatic or genetic cell and the dose rate determines what?	Production of chromosome aberrations
In 1898, after developing burns attributed to radiation exposure, this Boston dentist started investigating the hazards of radiation exposure and became the first advocate of radiation protection. Who is this person?	William Herbert Rollins
As radiation dose increases, the severity of early deterministic effects does what?	Increases
In the female, the ovarian stem cells does what?	Multiplies to millions of cells only during fetal development, before birth, and then steadily decline in number throughout life.
What type of cells develop from a single precursor cell, the pluripotential stem cell?	1. Lymphocytes/Granulocytes 2. Thrombocytes/erythrocytes 3. Platelets
With regard to radiation exposure, which part of the GI tract is most severely affected?	Small Intestines
A method of dose assesment in which biological markers or effects of radiation exposure are measured and the dose to the organism is inferred from previously established dose effects relationships.	Biological dosimetry
Functions as an ongoing regeneration system for the human body; is relatively radiosensitive	Skin
Whole body dose of ionizing radiation that can be lethal to 50% of an exposed population within 30 days	LD 50/30
Period during the menstrual cycle when a mature follicle releases an ovum	Ovulation
Specialized, non dividing cells that are relatively radioresistant	Mature spermatogonia
Middle layer of the skin	Dermis
Form of ARS that occurs when humans receive whole body doses of ionizing radiation ranging from 1 to 10 Gy	Bone marrow syndrome
Population inadvertently subjected to high levels of fallout during an atomic bomb test in 1954	Marshall Islanders
An abnormal decrease in white blood corpuscles, usually below 5000/mm	Leukopenia
When radiation exposure causes the number of red blood cells, white cells, and platelets in the circulating blood to do	Decrease
Alopecia (Hair loss)	Epilation
Results when a organ or tissue fails to recover from radiation exposure	Necrosis, or death
Form of ARS that results when the CNS and the cardiovascular system receive ionizing radiation doses of 50 Gy or more	Cerebrovascular syndrome
Early somatic effects on organ systems that result from high doses of radiation	Deterministic effects
Radiation sickness that occurs in humans after whole body dose of ionizing radiation delivered over a short amount of time	ARS
Immature female germ cells	Oocytes
Period of time when blood counts were the only means of radiation exposure monitoring for radiation workers engaged in radiologic practices	1920's and 30's
A single precursor cell from which all cells of the hematopoietic system develop	Pluripotential stem cells
The 1st stage of ARS, which occurs within hours after a whole body absorbed dose of 1 Gy, or more; characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and leukopenia	Prodromal stage
Form of ARS that appears at a threshold dose of approximately 6 Gy	Gastrointestinal Syndrome
Following a period of about a week, during which non visible symptoms occur, symptoms again become visible during this stage of ARS	Manifest Illness
Deviation from normal development or growth	Chromosome aberrations
The priod after the initial stage of ARS during which no visible effects or symptoms of radiation exposure occurs	Latent period
A decrease in the number of blood cells in the circulating blood can rsult in a lack of vitality and this condition	Anemia
When biological effects from ionizing radiation demonstrate the existence of a threshold and the severity of the damage increases as a consequence of increased absorbed dose, the events are considered:	Deterministic
Approximately what percent of the human body's surface skin cells is replaced daily by stem cells from an underlying basal layer?	2%
A cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes may be accomplished through the use of a chromosome map. What is this map called?	Karyotype
During the age of 12-50, how many mature ova will a female produce?	400 to 500
What are parts of the hematopoietic system?	1.Bone marrow 2. Circulating blood 3. Lymphoid organs
Many early radiologists and dentists developed a reddening of the skin caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. What is this condition called?	Radiodermatitis
What measure of lethality may be a more relevant indicator of outcome for humans?	LD 50/60
What factors does somatic or genetic radiation induced damage depend?	1.The amount of body area exposed 2. The quantity of ionizing radiation to which the subject is exposed 3. The specific parts of the body exposed
In humans with the GI form of ARS, the part of the body most severely affected is the	Small intestine
Following whole body reception of large doses of ionizing radiation delivered over a short period of time, what medical problems occurs in humans?	Acute radiation syndrome (ARS)
The use of high level fluoro for extended periods of time can result in	Radiation induced skin injuries for patients
What do the survivors of Hiroshima, Marshall Islanders, and Chernobyl have in common?	All were exposed to doses of ionizing radiation sufficient enough to cause ARS in many group members
What does not cause early deterministic and somatic effects of radiation?	Doses encountered in diagnostic radiology
What factors govern organ and tissue response to radiation exposure?
The hematopoietic, GI, and cerebrovascular syndrome are 3 separate dose related syndromes that are part of the:	Total body syndrome
Without effective physical monitoring devices, what biological criteria would play an important role in the identification of radiation casualties during the first 2 days after a nuclear disaster	Nausea and vomiting
Without medical support, the LD 50/30 for adult humans is estimated to be:	3-4 Gy
Infection, hemorrhage, and cardiovascular collapse are symptoms that can occur as part of ARS during the:	Manifest Illness
What local tissue will experience consequences from high radiation doses?	1. Bone marrow 2. Reproductive organs 3. Skin
Imaging procedures usually result in:	Relatively low doses of gonadal radiation for the patient and for imaging personnel
What are accessory structures of the skin?	1. Hair follicles 2. Sebaceous glands 3. Sweat glands
When cells are exposed to lethal doses of ionizing radiation, repair and recovery may occur because cells:	Contain a repair mechanism inherent in their biochemistry (repair enzymes)
The testes of the human male and the ovaries of the female do not respond the same way to irradiation because?	Their is a difference in the way in which male and female germ cells are produced and progress
When are human ovaries most sensitive?	During the fetal stages of life and during early childhood
ARS is actually a collection of syndromes associated with:	Exposure to high levels of radiation

Created by: J_Proctor