Physics Unit 4 Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| tangential speed | the linear speed tangent to a curved path, such as in circular motion |
| rotational speed | the number of rotations or revolutions per unit of time; often measured in rotations or revolutions per second or minute |
| rotational inertia | the property of an object to resist any change in its state of rotation; if at rest, tends to stay at rest OR if rotating, tends to stay rotating unless acted upon by an external net torque |
| torque | the product of force & lever-arm distance, which tends to produce or change rotation |
| center of gravity (CG) | the average position of weight or the single point associated with an object where the force of gravity can be considered to act |
| center of mass (CM) | the average position of the mass of an object |
| equilibrium | the state of an object in which it is not acted upon by a net force or a net torque |
| centripetal force | a force directed TOWARD a fixed point, usually the cause of circular motion |
| centrifugal force | an OUTWARD force apparent in a rotating frame of reference; fictitious in the sense that it is not part of an interaction but is a result of rotation, with no reaction-force counterpart |
| linear momentum | the product of the mass of an object & its linear velocity |
| angular momentum | the product of a body's rotational inertia & rotational velocity about a particular axis |
| Conservation of Angular Momentum | when no external torque acts on an object or a system of objects, no change of angular momentum can occur; the angular momentum before an event equals the angular momentum after an event |
| Law of Universal Gravitation | every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force that, for two bodies, is directly proportional to the product of their masses & inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers |
| Inverse-Square Law | a law that relates the intensity of an effect to the universe square of the distance from the cause; gravity follows this law |
| weight | the force that an object exerts on a supporting surface which is often due to the force of gravity |
| weightless | being without a support force, as in free fall |
| Spring Tides | high or low tides that occur when the sun, earth, & the moon are all lined up; makes the high & low tides higher & lower than average |
| Neap Tides | tides that occur when the moon is midway between new & full, in either direction; makes high tides lower than average & low tides higher than average |
| gravitational field | the influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body; measured in N/kg |
| black hole | a concentration of mass that results from gravitational collapse, near which gravity is so intense that not even light can escape |
| projectile | any object that moves through the air or through space under the influence of gravity |
| parabola | the curved path followed by a projectile under the influence of ONLY constant gravity |
| satellite | a projectile or small celestial body that orbits a larger celestial body |
| ellipse | the oval shaped path followed by a satellite |
| circle | a special kind of ellipse where the foci are together at one point |
| escape speed | the speed that a projectile must reach to escape the gravitational influence of earth or of another celestial body to which it is attracted |
| Kepler's First Law | The path of each planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus |
| Kepler's Second Law | the line from the sun to any planet sweeps out EQUAL areas of space in EQUAL time intervals |
| Kepler's Third Law | the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the average distance of the planet from the sun |
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