Wiley 18 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Neutransmitters	Nervous
Hormones	Endocrine
Synapse, receptors, postsynaptic membrane	Nervous
Muscle, cells, gland cells, other neurons	Nervous
Typically within milliseconds (thousandths of a second)	Nervous
Generally briefer (milliseconds)	Nervous
Far from site of release (target cell)	Endocrine
Cells throughout body	Endocrine
Seconds, hours, or days	Endocrine
Generally longer (seconds to days)	Endocrine
Chemical composition, metabolism, energy balance, glandulare secretions, contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers are ALL functions of ____.	hormones
What controls growth and development	Hormones
What regulates operation of reproductive system?	Hormones
What helps establish circadian rhythms?	Hormones
Exocrine	outside
Endocrine glands	within secretion
What are 3 tissues that are not exclusively classified as endocrine glands but contain cells that secrete hormones?	hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas.
autocrines	self
paracrines	beside or near
Down-regulation	if hormones is present in excess, # of target-cell receptors may decrease
Up-regulation	hormone is deficient, # of receptors may increase , target cell more sensitive to hormone
Lipid-soluble hormone (ex)	steroids, thyroid, and gas
Name steroid hormones	aldosterone, cortisol, androgens
Location of aldosterone, cortisol, and adrogens	adrenal cortes
Name thyroid hormones	T3 triiodothyronine, T4 throxine
Another name for thyroid gland	follicular cells
Name gas hormone	nitric oxide
Where is gas hormone located	endothelial cells lining blood vessels
Water-soluble hormones include	amines,peptides and proteins, and eicosanoids
Amines includes what hormomes?	epinephrine, norepinephrine, melatonin, histamine, serotonin
Location of epinephrine, norepinephrine	adrenal medulla
Location of melatonin	pineal gland
Location of histamine	mast cells in connective tissues
Location of serotonin	platelets in blood
List Peptides and proteins hormone	all hpothalmic relasing and inhibiting hormones, onytocine, antidiuretic, prolactin, insulin, glucagon, calcitonin, gastrine, deptin, erythropeitin,
Location of peptides and proteins	hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, anterior pitutary, pancreas, throid gland, stomach and small intestine, kidneys, adipose,,
What hormone is for eicosanoids	prostaglandins, and leukotrienes
Where are prostaglandins, and leukotrienes located	all cells except red blood cells
Hormone transport in blood	-make lipid-soluble hormones temporarily water-solube, increasing solubility in blood -retard passage of small hormone molecules through the filtering mechanism in kidneys, thus slowing hormone loss in urine. -provide a ready reserve of hormone
What factors determine the responsiveness of a target cell to a hormone?	changing the permeability of the plasma membrane, stimulation transport of a substance into or out of the target cells, altering the are of specific metabolic reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle or cardiac muscle.
permissive effects	increases the number of receptors for the other hormone.
synergistic effects	the effect of two hormones acting together is greater or more extensive than the effect of each hormone acting alone.
antagonistic effects	one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone
What is the action of the receptor-hormone complex?	alter gene expression by turning specific genes of nuclear DNA on or off.
What there types of signals control hormone secretion?	nervous, chemical change in blood, other hormones
What is the functional importance of the hypophyseal portal veins?	carry blood from the median eminence of the hypothalamus, where hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are secreted, to anterior pituitary, where these hormones act.
What other target gland hormones suppress section of hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones by negative feedback?	Thyroid hormones suppress secretion of GSH by throthrophs and of TRH by hypothalami neurosecretory cells, gonadal hor. suppress FSH and LK by gonadotrophs and of GnRH by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells.
Hypoglycemia	abnormally low blood glucose concentration, stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GHRH which flow toward the anterior pituitary in the hypophyseal portal veins.
Hyperglycemia	abnormally high blood glucose; stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GHIH while inhibiting the secretion of GHRH
If a person has a pituitary tumor that secrets a large amount of hGH and the tumor cells are not responsive to regulation by GHRH and GHIH, will hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia be more likely?	hyperglycemia due to excess hGH levels
Functionally, how are the hpothalamohpophseal tract and the hypophseal portal veins similar? Structurally, how are they different?	both carry hypothalmic hormones to the pituitary gland.
If you drank a liter of water, what effect would this have on osmotic pressure of your blood, and how would the level of ADH change in your blood?	decrease the osmotic pressure of your blood plasma turning off secretion of ADH and decreasing ADH level in blood
Human growth hormone (hGH), also known as somatotropin.	Stimulates liver, muscle, cartilage, bone, and other tissues to synthesize and secrete insulin like growth factors (IGFs); IGFs promote growth of body cells, protein synthesis, tissue repair, lipolysis, and elevation of blood glucose concentration.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), also known as thyrotropin	Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland.
Which of the following applies to the endocrine system? Select all that apply.	effects are long lasting initial action is measured in hours to days acts on all types of cells
Which of the following applies to the nervous system? Select all that apply.	acts on specific muscles and glands effects are brief initial action is measured in milliseconds only releases neurotransmitters

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