environmental Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Describes the mechanisms by which water moves throughout the eart	hydrologic cycle
water soaking into the soil. occurs in the zone of aeration. seeps down to the water table and enters the aquifer	infiltration
regions where infiltration occurs. typically made up of sand soil and small rocks	zone of aeration
region where groundwater is located	zone of saturation
top region of zone of saturation. area immediately above groundwater	water table
underground regions of soil or porous rock that are saturated with water.	aquifer
regions where the water can infiltrate the soil and reach the aquifer	recharge zone
measures water permanently removed from water source	water consumption
lack of sufficient available water resources to meet water needs in a region	water stress
occurs when there is excessive water withdrawal causing a lowering of the water table. an area where the water table is much lower than surrounding areas.	cone of depression
a compression and sinking of the zone of saturation. caused by excessive ground water consumption	subsidence
removal of salt from saltwater. expensive due to cost of operating the desalination plants	desalination
water pollution from a single discharge location. Example, raw sewage from pipe	point source
pollution that is not from a single discharge location. example fertilizer runoff	non point source
matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid	sediment
degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. water used as coolant by plants	thermal pollution
waters that are too polluted or degraded to meet water quality standards	impaired waters
water purification technology that uses a semi permeable membrane to remove larger particles from drinking water	reverse osmosis
the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling	distillation
process for disinfection water against bacteria and viruses using ozone	ozonation
industrial mining process to extract various metals from ore via a series of chemical reactions	heap leaching
a rod shaped bacteria presence in water indicates fecal contamination	coliform bacteria
water from a confined aquifer. pressure on the confined aquifer pushes water up the well without need for a pump.	artesian well
caused by an excess of nutrient pollution. it is an overgrowth of algea	eutrophication
why is clean water so important? What is an example of a disease that is transmitted by water?	water is necessary for all life. cholera.
most of the water in the world is ______. Most of the freshwater is found in _________ and ___________.	saltwater, glaciers and ice caps
you are digging in a well. How do you know when you have dug past the zone of aeration into the zone of into the zone of saturation in the soil?	There is available water - ground water
directly taps into an aquifer (usually confined aquifer)	artesian well
from an underground source	natural spring water
runs water through a semi permeable membrane	reverse osmosis municipal water
how are wetlands beneficial in managing water? list two ways	stabilize soil. slow runoff
of all the places water can be found, which one has the fastest turnover rate?	atmosphere
why are alternative water source such as desalination not utilized anymore?	too expensive and too much energy
what are PCBs and why are they so dangerous in water?	they are chemicals used in electronics. Can cause cancer
what effect does thermal pollution have on oxygen level of water?	decreases oxygen levels as temperatures increases
what are the two biggest ocean pollutants?	oil and plastics
where does most of the oil in the ocean come from?	non point sources
what new rule for oil supertankers was passed in the oil production act of 1990 after exxon-valdez accident?	double hull
what specifically does the clean water act address?	point source pollutants
"when the well is dry, we learn the worth of water."	benjamin franklin
what had the biggest effect on human life span after antibiotics?	having access to clean water
diseases transmitted by contaminated water include	intestinal disease, arsenic poisoning, mercury poisoning
three main parts of the water cycle	evaporates from wetlands lakes oceans and transpires from plants. enters the atmosphere which is colder condeses, moves underground by infiltration or runs off
what % of Earth's water is found in oceans?	97%
Ground water is the _________ biggest reservoir of fresh water	available
infiltration is the process of __________________________________	seeping through the zone of aeration to the water table
the zone of aeration contains	upper soil layers holding air and water
the zone of saturation contains	zone containing water table followed by ground water
what is the water table	upper level of zone of saturation
what are three benefits of wetlands	plays vital role in water cycle, increases biodiversity, stabilizes soil and prevents erosion, slows down runoff and increases aquifer recharge, holds excess water during floods
rivers and streams are formed from	runoff
the atmosphere is the _________ water reservoir	smallest
the atmosphere has a rapid turnover rate. what does that mean?	water does not stay in the atmosphere it redistributes
what is the largest source of water withdrawal?	agriculture
what is the second larges source	thermal electric power
where are most of the countries experiencing water stress?	africa
ground water is the source of _________ of the US freshwater	0.6%
two consequences of heavy ground water withdrawal are	subsidence and cone of depression
what are three biggest domestics uses of water	toilet flushing, bathing, laundry and dishes
water pollution is any chance in water ___________ that adversely affects _____________ ____________.	quality, oxygen levels
what happens when an acid or base is added to water	the ph of the water changes
what are pcbs?	synthetic chemicals found to be mutagenic and banned in 1979. they are polychlorinated biphenyls that were used in electric equipment
which lake Michigan fish are listed do not eat?	channel catfish, lake trout and carp
what is impaired water?	too polluted to meet water quality standards
three main causes of impaired water	low levels of dissolved oxygen, excessive algae growth, decomposition of submerged plants
what percent of the water in our area is considered impaired?	10-25%
what two requirements exist for testing tap water?	chlorine and fluoride
do similar requirements exist for bottled water	no
from an underground formation that naturally flows to the surface	spring water
water that has been filtered by ionization or reversed osmosis	purified water
from a confined aquifer	artesian water
in columbus from the Tuscaloosa aquifer	municipal water
water has been boiled and recollected	distilled water
reverse osmosis	removes dissolved inorganic solids from water
distillation	kills bacteria by boiling and contains no minerals
what happens to plastic bottles over time in the ocean?	plastic breaks down into smaller pieces due to exposure to the sun and accumulate in gyres ( rotating ocean currents)
what is the great ocean vortex	great pacific trash vortex located in the south pacific gyre
most of the oil in the ocean comes from	runoff from the land
what were the three reasons for the exxon valdez being such a disaster	remote location, delayed cleanup, the valdez was single hulled
oil pollution act of 1990 resulted in	oil companies responsible for cleanup and phased out single hulled tankers and replaced them with double hulled tankers
deepwater horizon: where did it occur? who operated the platform?	Gulf of Mexico and BP
What is Biological Oxygen Demand? BOD	amount of oxygen needed by aerobic organisms to break down organic material in water
what is dissolved oxygen content? DO	amount of oxygen carried in water

Created by: EmmaRoseDavis