Chapter 6 APES Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Population	The individuals that belong to the same species and live in a species and live in a given area at a particular time.
Community	All of the population of organisms.
Population Ecology	The study of factors that cause populations to increase or decrease.
Population Size (N)	The total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time.
Population density	The number of individuals per unit area at a given time.
Population distribution	A description of how individuals are distributed with respect to one another.
Sex ratio	The ratio of males to females in a population.
Age Structure	A description of how many individuals fit into a particular age categories in a population.
Limiting Resource	A resource that a population cannot live without and that occurs in quantities lower than the population would require to increase in size.
Density-dependent factor	A factor that influences an individual's probability of survival and reproduction in a manner that depends on the size of the population.
Density-independent factor	A factor that has the same effect on an individuals probability of survival and the amount of reproduction at any population size.
Carrying capacity (K)	The total capacity for a population to be sustained.
Population growth models	Mathematical equations that can be used to predict population size at any moment in time.
Population growth rate	The number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the deaths of the individual or its offspring during the same period.
Intrinsic growth rate (r)	The max. potential for growth of a population under ideal conditions with unlimited resources.
Exponential growth model	A growth model that estimates a population's future size after a period of time based on the intrinsic growth rate and the number of reproducing individuals currently in the population.
J-Curve	The curve of the exponential growth model when graphed.
Logistic growth model	A growth model that describes a population whose growth in initially exponential, but slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
S-Curve	The shape of the logistic growth model when graphed.
Overshoot & Die-off	When a population becomes larger than the environment's carrying capacity.
K-selected species	A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity.
r-selected species	A species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, which often leads to population overshoots and die-offs.
Survivor-ship curves (I, II, III)	A graph that represents the distinct patterns of species survival as a function of age.
Metapopulation	A group of spatially distinct populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between them.
shifting agriculture	an agricultural method in which land is cleared and used for a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients.
desertification	the transformation of arable, productive land to desert or unproductive land due to climate change or destructive land use
nomadic grazing	the feeding of herds of animals by moving them to seasonally productive feeding grounds, often over long distances
sustainable agriculture	agriculture that fulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of the soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources, and allowing economic viability for the farmer
intercropping	an agricultural method in which two or more crop species are planted in the same field at the same time to promote a synergistic interaction
crop rotation	an agricultural technique in which crop species in a field are rotated from season to season
agroforestry	an agricultural technique in which trees and vegetables are intercropped
contour plowing	an agricultural technique in which plowing and harvesting are done parallel to the topographic contours of the land
perennial vs annual plant	perennial plant: a plant that lives for multiple years annual plant: a plant that lives only one season
no-till agriculture	an agricultural method in which farmers do not turn the soil between seasons as a means of reducing topsoil erosion
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)	an agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide inputs
organic agriculture	production of crops without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers
Individual Transfer Quota (ITQ)	a fishery management program in which individual fishers are given total allowable catch of fish in a season that they can either catch or sell
aquaculture	farming aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweeds

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