chapter 13 chem Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
to move; Describes the behavior of gases in terms of energy, size, and motion of their particles	kinetic
all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion	kinetic theory
what are Three assumptions are made regarding the kinetic theory and gases	1- the particles in a gas are considered to be small, hard spheres with an insignificant volume. 2-the motion of the particles in a gas is rapid, constant and random 3-All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly elastic.
what Two factors determine the kinetic energy(KE) of a particle	mass and velocity
reflects both the speed and direction of motion	velocity
In a sample of gas, what factors are the same and what is different?	All particles have the same mass All particles do not have the same velocity Do not have same KE
Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter	temperature
results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object.	gas pressure
How does a balloon keep its shape?	The gas pressure is a result of billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas simultaneously colliding with an object
Force per unit area	pressure
The force exerted by air at any point on the earths surface	atmospheric pressure
how does atmospheric pressure vary at different points of the earth	Higher altitude lower atmospheric pressure
If there are no particles present then no collision can occur. So there is no pressure, the result is a ________	vacuum
an empty space with no pressure	vacuum
why does Air exerts pressure on Earth	because gravity holds particles in air within Earth’s atmosphere
the collision of atoms and molecules in the air with objects	atmospheric pressure
As you climb a mountain atmospheric pressure decreases because the_______ of the atmosphere decreases.	density
device used to measure atmospheric pressure	barometer
SI unit for pressure	Pascal (Pa)
_______________ and ___________ are also used as measurements of pressure	Millimeters of mercury (Mm Hg) and atmospheres (atm)
____ atm = _____ mmHg = _____ kPa	1, 760, 101.3
What properties of gases make it possible for an air filled flotation device to work?	Low Density Compression and expansion Diffusion and effusion
compares mass of an object to its volume	density
reduce the volume; Large amount of empty space between air particles allows the air to be easily pushed into a smaller volume	compress
Air particles fills the available space	expansion
________ ________ of gas particles causes the gases to mix until they are evenly distribute	Random motion
Movement of one material through another	diffusion
in diffusion, there is a Movement from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ______ concentration	higher; lower
in diffusion, Heavier particles are ______ Light particles are _____	slower, faster
Gas escapes through a tiny opening	effusion
in effusion there is an Inverse relationship between ______ ______ and ______ ________	effusion rate; molar mass
Can take the shape of its container; Fixed volume	liquid
Liquid molecules don’t have ______ positions	fixed
____________ between liquid particles limit their range of motion	Forces of attraction
The density of a liquid is much ________ than that of its vapor at the same conditions	greater
why is the density of liquid water and steam different	because of the intermolecular force that holds them together
Change in volume is much ______ in a liquid than a gas	smaller
liquids can be ________	compressed
A LARGE amount of _________ must be added to even slightly change the volume of a liquid	pressure
Ability to flow	fluidity
liquid_______ more slowly than a gas at the same temperature	Diffuses
liquid is less fluid than gas give an example	Water leak stays in the basement unless the amount of water released exceeds the volume of the basement Gas leak can diffuse through out the house
Measure of resistance of a liquid to flow	viscosity
viscosity is Determined by the type of _______ ______ involved, the _______ __ ____ _______, and the _______	intermolecular forces, shape of the particles, temperature
The stronger the attractive forces, the_______ the viscosity	higher
Viscosity _______ with an increase in temperature	decreases
give an example of viscosity and temperature	when you heat up syrup it becomes easier to pour
Intermolecular forces _______ have an equal effect on all particles in a liquid	DON’T
what are particles in the middle of a liquid attracted to	attracted to particles all around them
what are particles on the surface of a liquid attracted to	no attraction from above to balance the attractions from below, Net attractive force pulling down on particles at the surface
The stronger the attractions between particles, the _______ the surface tension	greater
force of attraction between like molecules	cohesion
force of attraction between different molecules	adhesion
The movement of a liquid upward	capillary action
give an example of capillary action	Example: Paper towels and diapers Water is drawn into the narrow spaces between the cellulose fibers by capillary action
conversion of liquid to gas	vaporization
when vaporization occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling.	evaporation
During evaporation only the molecules with a certain ______ ________ ______ can escape the surface of the liquid	minimal kinetic energy
measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid	vapor pressure
conversion of gas to liquid	condensation
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure on the liquid	boiling point
Normal boiling point	101.3 kPa
Change in altitude affects the boiling point because atmospheric pressure is_______ at higher temperatures	lower
sea level water boils at 100 C but in denver it boils at ____	95 C
A mole of a solid particle has as much ______ _______ as a mole of liquid particles	kinetic energy
why do solids have a definite shape a volume?	In a solid there are strong attractive forces between particles These forces limit the movement to vibrations in a fixed location Particles are packed closer together
temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid	melting point
temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid	freezing point
Crystal-particles are arranged in an orderly repeating 3-D pattern called a ______ _______	crystal lattice
smallest arrangement of connected points that can be repeated in three directions to form the lattice	unit cell
two or more different molecular forms of an element	allotropes
Solid in which the particles are not arranged in a regular repeating pattern ; lacks an ordered structure	amorphous solids
when do amorphous solids form usually?	when a molten material cools to quickly example: Glass, rubber and many plastics, Glasses can be considered super-cooled liquids
Phase changes that require energy	melting, vaporization, sublimation
What does happen to ice cubes in a glass of ice water?	Heat flows from the water to the ice Heat- transfer of energy from an object at a higher temp to an object at a lower temp Energy breaks the hydrogen bonds and causes the ice to enter its liquid phase
Temperature at which the forces holding a crystal lattice together are broken and becomes a liquid	melting point
The process by which a liquid changes to a gas or vapor	vaporization
When vaporization occurs only at the surface of a liquid Method by which your body controls its temp	evaporation
As temperature________ more molecules are able to escape from the liquid	increases
Pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid (closed container)	vapor pressure
Temperature when the vapor pressure of liquid equal s the atmospheric pressure Molecules have enough energy to vaporize	boiling point
Process by which a solid changes directly to a gas	sublimation
give some examples of sublimation	Solid iodine Solid carbon dioxide(dry ice) Solid air fresheners
Phase changes that Release Energy	Condensation Deposition Freezing
The process by which a gas or a vapor becomes liquid Reverse of vaporization Loses energy, velocity is reduced	condensation
Process by which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a solid without becoming a liquid first Reverse of sublimation Example: snowflakes	deposition
Heat is removed, molecules lose KE and their velocity decreases When enough energy has been removed, the molecules will stay in fixed position	freezing
Temperature at which a liquid is converted into a crystalline solid	freezing point
A graph of pressure versus temperature that shows in which phase a substance exists under different conditions of temperature and pressure	phase diagrams
The point on a phase diagram that represents the temperature and pressure at which three phases of a substance can coexist	triple point
what happens to boiling point when you reach higher altitudes?	High altitudes have lower atmospheric pressure. higher up into the atmosphere= lower air pressure.since the boiling point occurs only when the vapor pressure of the liquid=atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of water will be lower

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