A & P 9 weeks Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Structure that encloses the nerve cord	Vertebral arch
Weight-bearing part of the vertebra	Body
Provides levers for the muscles to pull against	Spinous process
Provides an articulation point for the ribs	Tranverse process
Openings allowing spinal nerves to pass	Intervertebral foramina
_______ is an exaggerated thoracic curvature	kyphosis
In _____ the vertebral column is displaced laterally.	scoliosis
Mandible, Frontal bone, Temporal bone, Occipital bone	mandible
True or False? The largest foramen in the skull is the FORAMEN MAGNUM.	True
True or False? The first major event of fracture healing is HEMATOMA FORMATION.	True
Bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin	Simple fracture
Nonsurgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone	Closed reduction
A break common in children; bone splinters, but break is incomplete	Greenstick fracture
A fracture in which the bone is crushed; common in the vertebral column	Compression fracture
A fracture in which the bone ends penetrate through the skin surface	Compound fracture
Surgical realignment of broken bone ends	Open reduction
A result of twisting forces	Spiral fracture
True or False? A HEMATOMA usually forms at a fracture site.	True
True or False? Deprived of nutrition, OSTEOCYTES at the fracture site die.	True
True or False? Nonbony debris at the fracture site is removed by OSTEOCLASTS.	False, Phagocytes
True or False? Growth of a new capillary supply into the region produces GRANULATION TISSUE.	True
True or False? Osteoblasts form the MEDULLARY CAVITY migrate to the fracture site.	False, Periostem
True or False? The FRIBROCARTILAGE CALLUS is the first repair mass to splint the broken bone.	True
True or False? The bony callus is initially composed of COMPACT bone.	False, spongy
True or False? In a SPRAIN, the ligaments reinforcing a joint are excessively stretched or torn.	True
True or False? CHRONIC arthritis usually results from bacterial invasion.	False, Acute
True or False? Healing of a partially torn ligament is slow because its hundreds of fibrous strands are poorly ALIGNED.	False, Vasclarized
True or False? RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS is an autoimmune disease.	True
Conveys the sense of pain in bone and joints	Nervous
superior and medial nasal conchae formed from its projections	ethmoid
site of cribriform plate	ethmoid
tiny bones bearing tear ducts	lacrimal
site of mental foramen	mandible
condyles here articulate with the atlas	occipital
site of sella turcica	sphenoid
four bones containing paranasal sinuses	ethmoid, frontal, maxilla, sphenoid
Provides levers for the muscles to pull against.	spinous, transverse processes
Openings providing for exit of spinal nerves.	intervertebral foramina
Type of vertebrae containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to reach the brain.	Atlas, axis and cervical vertebra
Transverse process have facets for articulation with ribs; spinous process points sharply downward.	Thoracic vertebra
Composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally.	Sacrum
Tailbone; vestigial fused vertebrae.	coccyx
Supports the head; allows the rocking motion of the occipital condyles.	Atlas
the organs protected by the thoracic cage include the ___ and the ____	heart, lungs
Condyle	Projection
Crest	Projection
Head	Projection
Ramus	Projection
Spine	Projection
Tuberosity	Projection
Fissure	Depression
Foramen	Depression
Meatus	Depression
What kind of bone is Calcaneus	Short Bone
What kind of bone is Metacarpal	Short Bone
What kind of bone is Frontal	Flat
What kind of bone is Mandible	Flat
What kind of bone is Sternum	Flat
What kind of bone is Femur	Long
What kind of bone is Radius	Long
What kind of bone is Humerus	Long
What kind of bone is vertebra	irregular
site of spongy bone	epiphysis
Location of compact bone in an adult's bone 2) Scientific name for bone shaft	Diaphysis
Yellow marrow cavity & Medullary cavity	Site of fat storage
epiphyseal plate	Region of longitudinal growth in a child
Red marrow and epiphysis	Site of hematopoiesis
canaliculi	Tiny canals connecting lacunae
lacunae	"Residences" of osteocytes
concentric lamellae	Layers of calcified matrix
Central (Haversian) Canal	Longitudinal canal, carrying blood vessels and nerves
Osteocyte	Mature bone cells that maintain bone in a viable state
Osteoblasts	immature, or matrix depositing, bone cells
Osteoclasts	Bone cells that liquefy bone matrix and release calcium to the blood
calcitonin	causes blood calcium to be deposited in bones as calcium salts
Parathyroid hormone	When blood calcium levels begin to drop below homeostatic levels, it is released, causing calcium to be released from bones
Step 1 of Endochrondral ossification	Perichondrium becomes vascularized to a greater degree and becomes periosteum
Step 2 of Endochrondral ossification	Collar of bone is laid down around the hyaline cartilage model just beneath the periosteum
Step 3 of Endochrondral ossification	Cavity formation occurs within the hyaline cartilage
Step 4 of Endochrondral ossification	Periosteal bud invades the marrow cavity
Step 5 of Endochrondral ossification	Osteoblasts lay down bone around the cartilage spicules in the bone's interior
Step 6 of Endochrondral ossification	Osteoclasts remove the cancellous bone from the shaft, interior, leaving a marrow cavity that then houses fat
When a bone forms from a fibrous membrane, the process is called [endochondral] ossification.	False; intramembrous ossification is the process when a bone forms from a fibrous membrane.
When trapped in lacunae, osteoblasts change into [osteocytes].	True (osteocytes)
Large numbers of [osteocytes] are found in the inner periosteum layer.	False; Large numbers of mesenchymal cells/osteoblasts are found in the inner periosteum layer.
[Primary] ossification centers appear in the epiphyses.	False; Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses.
Epiphyseal plates are made of [spongy bone].	False; Epiphyseal plates are made of hyaline cartilage.
In appositional growth, bone reabsorption occurs on the [periosteal] surface.	False; bone reaborption occurs on the endoseal surface.
"Maturation" of newly formed (noncalcified) bone matrix takes about [10 days].	False; "maturation" takes about 12 days.
What are sinuses	Mucosal, air-filled cavities in bone
What purpose do they serve in the skull?	They lighten the skull, and serve as reasonary chambers for speech
Why are they susceptible to infection?	Their mucus is continuous with the nasal passage which is where they drain

Created by: evie mcintyre