APUSH Chapter 23 Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Ulysses S. Grant	most popular Civil War hero; Republican; narrow cultural background; won 1868 election against Horatio Seymour
Horatio Seymour	Democratic nominee in election of 1868; supported by whites; lost
"Jubilee Jim" Fisk	the "brass" of the plot to corner the gold market in 1869 by bidding the price of gold very high so the US treasury was forced to release gold
Jay Gould	the "brains" of the plot to corner the gold market in 1869 by bidding the price of gold very high so the US treasury was forced to release gold
Thomas Nast	a cartoonist of the New York Times who exposed the Tweed Ring
Horace Greeley	endorsed by Democrats in the 1872 election; had unsound political judgements
Jay Cooke	financed the Union during the Civil War; Jay Cooke & Company
Roscoe Conkling	leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican party; supported Grant; swapped civil service jobs for votes
James G. Blaine	led Half-Breed faction of the Republican party; called for civil service reform
Rutherford B. Hayes	a compromise candidate chosen by the Republicans in 1876; from Ohio
Samuel Tilden	Democratic nominee in the election of 1876; had fame from the Tweed incident
James A. Garfield	Republican candidate in the election of 1880; waver of the "bloody shirt"; energetic and able; assassinated in 1881 which shocked the Republicans into reforming the spoils system
Chester A. Arthur	Garfield's VP who became president after the assassination; a surprising reformer; the Republican party grew to hate him
Winfield S. Hancock	Democratic nominee in 1880; US Army officer; notable for his leadership at the Battle of Gettysburg
Charles J. Guiteau	assassinated Garfield because he wanted an office position
Grover Cleveland	Democratic nominee in the election of 1884; reformer; revealed he had an affair with a widow which led to mudslinging and he barely won
Benjamin Harrison	"waving the bloody shirt", elected president in 1888; Republican; grandson of William H. Harrison
Thomas Reed	speaker of the house; dominated the "Billion Dollar Congress"; gave pensions and increased purchase of silver
William McKinley	last veteran of the civil war to be elected president in election of 1896
James B. Weaver	nominated by People's Party in 1892; got support from midwest and west; prominent showing in election
Tom Watson	People's Party leader; had early success; became a vicious racist
soft money	paper money; supported by poor and debtors
hard money	coins; supported by wealthy
contraction	the amount of money per capita decreased between 1870 and 1880
resumption	got rid of cheap paper money and replaced it with gold at face value
Gilded Age	term coined by Mark Twain; time period characterized by rapid industrialization, urbanization, immigration; rise of big business and labor movement
spoils system	the system of trading civil service jobs for votes in an election
crop-lien system	allowed farmers to have more credit; they were allowed to use harvested crops to pay back their loans
pork-barrel bills	when congress votes for an unnecessary internal improvement project so a member can get more district popularity
populism	political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people
grandfather clause	an exemption based on circumstances existing prior to the adoption of a policy
"Ohio Idea"	the idea that greenbacks (paper money) could be exchanged for gold to help farmers
"bloody shirt"	when a war hero gets elected into a political office
Tweed Ring	"Boss Tweed" employed bribery and fraud to get over $200M of NYC taxpayer money; exposed by Thomas Nast and Samuel J. Tilden
Crédit Mobilier	1872; Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed Crédit Mobilier Construction Company and hired themselves at inflated prices so they could earn high dividends; distributed shares of its stock to Congressmen
Whiskey Ring	a group that robbed the Treasury of excise tax revenues by declaring they had less money than they actually did; Grant was initially angry until his secretary was a culprit
Liberal Republicans	urged purification of of the administration and the end of Reconstruction
Panic of 1873	caused by too much growth and internal improvements; 15,000+ businesses went bankrupt; debtors and blacks were hit worst
Bland-Allison Act	1878; authorized the coinage of a limited amount of silver money; required the govt. to buy $2-4M worth of silver; repealed in 1900
Greenback Labor party	anti-monopoly ideology; active in 1870's/1880's; opposed shift from paper money back to hard money
Grand Army of the Republic	composed of veterans of the Union army; one of the first organized advocacy groups
Stalwart	faction of the Republican party; led by Roscoe Conkling; swapped civil service jobs for votes
Half-Breed	opposed to Stalwarts; led by James G. Blaine; urged for civil-service reform
Compromise of 1877	Hayes promised to show concern for the South and end Reconstruction in exchange for the Democratic acception of the fraudulent election results
Pendleton Act	made compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees illegal; established a civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs based on the results of competitive examinations
Mugwumps	Republicans who voted Democratic for their dislike of James G. Blaine
Plessy vs. Ferguson	1896; "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment
Jim Crow	developed in the South; laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas; blacks had unequal opportunities in education, jobs, etc
Chinese Exclusion Act	1882; prohibited all further Chinese immigration into the US until 1943
US vs. Wong Kim	1898; ruled that the 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to everyone born in the US
Billion-Dollar Congress	led by Harrison; known for its lavish spending; passed many acts
People's Party	emerged in 1892; demanded inflation, a lowered income tax, more govt ownership, one-term limit, direct election, shorter workday, immigration restrictions
Sherman Silver Purchase Act	1898; required that the govt buy twice as much silver; added to the amount of money in circulation; threatened to undermine gold reserves
McKinley Tariff	boosted rates to their highest peace-time level ever; farmers had no choice but to buy expensive manufactured goods and sell their own into unprotected markets; led to unhappy farmers and Republicans lost their majority in Congress

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