Sociology Chapter 2 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Culture	the language, beliefs, values,norms,behaviors,and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next
Material Culture	the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art,buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, jewelry
Nonmaterial culture	( also known as symbolic culture) a groups way of thinking including its beliefs values and other assumptions about the world and doing ( its common patterns of behavior including language and other form of interaction)
Culture Shock	the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer tak-for-granted assumptions about life
Ethnocentrism	the use of one's own culture as a yard stick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values norms and behaviors
Cultural Relativism	not judging but trying ti understand it on its own terms
Symbolic culture	another term of nonmaterial culture
Symbol	something to which people attach meaning and then use to communicate with others
Gestures	the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another
Language	a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis	Edward Sapir's and Benjamin Wharf's hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
Values	the standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly
Norms	expectations, or rules of behavior, that reflect and enforce values
Sanctions	expressions of approval or disapproval given to people for upholding or violating norms
Positive Sanctions	a reward or positive reaction for following norms ringing form a smile to a prize
Negative Sanctions	an expression of disapproval for breaking an norm ranging from a mild informal reaction such as a frown to a forma reaction such as a prison sentence or an execution
Folkways	norms that are not strictly enforced
Mores	norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well begin of the group
Taboo	a norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated
Subculture	the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguishes its members from the larger culture; a world within a world
Counterculture	a group whose values beliefs and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture
Pluralistic society	a society made up of many different groups
Value Cluster	values that together from a larger whole
Value contradiction	values that contradict each other to follow the one means to come into conflict with the other
Ideal Culture	the ideal values and norms of people; the goals held out for them
Real Culture	the norms and values that people actually follow
Cultural Universal	a value, norm, or other, cultural trait that is found in every group
Sociobiology	a frame work of thought that views human behavior as the result of natural selection and considered biological factors ti be the fundamental cause of human behavior
Technology	in its narrow sense tools; its broader sense includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools.
New Technology	the emerging technologies of an era that have a significant impact on social life
Cultural lag	Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations
Cultural Diffusion	the spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another
Cultural Leveling	the process by which cultures become similar to ones another; refers especially to the process by which U.S. culture is being diffused into other nations

Created by: katlinrussell