NR 302 exam 2 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
major functions of skin	Protection Prevents penetration Perception-touch, pain, temp, pressure Temp regulation Self image Communication-emotions Wound repair-surface Absorption/secreation Production of vit d from cholesterol
Vellus versus terminal hair	Vellus-fine hair on most of body Terminal-dark, thick scalp and eyebrows After puberty- axilla, pubic, chest, face
Pediatric skin changes	-free of terminal hair only have lanugo(soft fine downy hair), no temp regulation, vernix(thick cheesy covering)-helps with temp reg-milka- pimples from mom estrogen -stork bites-head beating on opening in delivery-mongolian spots-bottom go away 1-2 yrs
pregnant skin changes	-Skin pigment increases--chloasma-raccoon face -linea nigra-medial line down belly -striae gravidarum-stretch marks
geriatric skin changes	tenting -sebum decreases-dryness -Sweat decreases-over heat easy -Melanin decreases- grey hair -sensitivity to light from subcu loss -senile legtigines-liver spots -cherry angiomas-small red moles -seborrhes keratosis- looks like warts skin tags-n
subjective data for past skin diseases	Allergies, hives, psoriasis-over production of skin cells triggered by stress, emotions, poor health,Eczema, birth marks, tattoos, piercings
generalized pigmentation	Pallor-pale Jaundice-yellow Cyanosis-blue Erythema-red, Change in nails Sun exposure Skin self-exam ruddy/blue-(low O2, from bone marrow)
Moles need to know	size, shape, color change, sores not healing
Seborrhea is	a lot of moisture
xerosis	dryness
Pruritus	itching—mild-prickling, tingling or intolerable
OBJECTIVE SKIN DATA inspect/ palpate	color, eye, dark mucous membranes-liver problems, temp-warm, thickness uniform, edema, mobility, turgor, vascularity,
edema skin scale	1+mild pitting 2mm 2+ moderate pitting 4mm 3+ deep pitting 6mm 4+ very deep pitting 8mm Non-pitting-measuring tape
vascularity of skin	cherry angiomas-trunk after 30 yrs age bruising- contusion, hemotoma tattoos- educate for hep c
abnormal skin ABCDE criteria	A-asymmetry B-border irregularity C-color change D-diameter greater then 6mm E-evolving changes(size, shape, itching, tender, surface bleeding, shades of color
Primary lesions of macule	non palpable, smaller the 1cm, circular border Ex.) ephilides(freckles), senile lentigines(liver spots)
Primary lesions of patch	larger than 1 cm, irregular border Ex,) Mongolian spots, vitiligo, port-wine stain
Primary lesions of papule	raised, solid palpable masses, smaller than 0.5 cm, circular border Ex.) mole, warts
Primary lesions of plague	larger than 0.5 cm, groups of papules that form lessions Ex.) psoriasis, actinic keratosis
Primary lesions of Vesicle	smaller the 0.5 cm, fluid filled, round oval Ex.)rash
Primary lesions of Bulla	larger than 0.5 cm, full of water no pus, round, oval blister
Primary lesions of pustules	small, inflamed, pus-filled, blister-like lesions
Primary lesions of purpura	mucous membranes due to haemorrhage from small blood vessels
Primary lesions of cyst	fluid filld, semi-soild
Primary lesions of impetigo	crusty common skin infection caused by streptococcus (strep) or staphylococcus (staph)
Vascular lesions Venous lake	benign vascular lesions that result from dilated venules
Vascular lesions Spider angioma	collection of blood vessels near the surface of the skin
Vascular lesions Petechiae	small, purpuric lesions up to 2 mm across
Vascular lesions Ecchymosis	a large type of hematoma (>1 cm)
Malignant lesions basal cell carcinoma	looks like mole
Malignant lesions squamous cell carcinoma	dark irregular
Malignant lesions melanoma	dark
Malignant lesions Kaposi’s sarcoma	j shaped
(hair)Seborrhea	dandruff, cradle cap
(hair)tinea capitis	scalp ringworm
(hair)alopecia areta	a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, usually from the scalp
(hair)folliculitis	infection in the hair follicles
(hair)Furuncles	or boils are caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue around the root of the hair
(nails)normal profile	160 degrees
(nails)clubbing	180 degrees
(nails)Schamroth technique	nails and fingers back to back diamond shape
(nails)capillary refill	blanching for dehydration, blood flow
facial land marks of eyes	-palpebral tissue- area where the lower and upper lids meet -nasolabial fold-dimples symmetrical -pinna- eye lids -lateral canthus-opening of eye lids
lymph node locations	1-preauricular-hair line by ear 2-postauricular-high behind the ear 3-occiptal- mid low behind ear 4-retropharngeal jaw lower lobe 5- Middle jaw line 6-submental-chin of jaw 7-superficial cervical chain-under ear middle neck 8-deep cervical chain--
pediatric bones head	-Posterior triangle frontal closed at 1-2 months -Anterior diamond fontanel closed at 9-12 months
pregnant Head, Neck, and Lymph	-facial and extremities edema -thyroid enlarges slightly -headache 1st trimester from increased hormones Late sign of preeclampsia
Geriatric Head, Neck, and Lymph	-low elasticity, sub cu fat, moisture, thyroid functions -loss hair, teeth -ROM limits -cervical vertebra ridged
subjective headache migraine	-vascular, mainly women -alcohol, stress, menstruation, eating choco/cheese -family history -nausea, vomiting, visual -2x month 1-3 days
subjective headache cluster	vascular, mainly men -eye, temporal, forehead, check -Unilateral-same side -1-2x day, ½ to 2 hrs -remission -alcohol, ingestion, daytime nap -red eyes, tearing, rhinorrhea, naso congestion, eyelid drooping
subjective headache tension	-normal everyday -frontal band-like tightness
subjective head injury	Light head, blackout (nero/cardiac), seizure verigo, dizzines
subjective vertigo	perception that person spins
objective vertigo	person feels like rom is spinning
objective head-inspection, palpation, auscultation head	-size-normocephalic -round, symmetrical to body -Temporal artery-light pressure -2+ equal bilaterally -temporomandibular joint-crepitation(move of fluid -full ROM, not tenderness, Tics, tremors, fasciculation’s (eye twitching)
objective head-inspection, palpation, auscultation neck ROM	flexion 45’, extension 55’, lateral bending 40’, rotation 70’
objective head-inspection, palpation, auscultation lymph nodes	– round circular pressure with fingerpads If palpable-location, size. Movable, tenderness
objective head-inspection, palpation, auscultation arteries	Carotid arteries-bruits- bell ends low pitch while holding breath Jugular veins –internal, external -central venous pressure with ruler lie flat JVD normal- 3 cm above sternal angle at 45’ meaning of abnormal reading
abnormal head Hydrocephalus-	big head
abnormal head Acromegaly	growth hormone, pituitary, gigantism
abnormal head Bell’s palsy	CN 7 facial, temporary unilateral facial paralysis from virus
abnormal head Cushing’s syndrome	excessive secretion from pituitary
abnormal head Down syndrome	flat nose, protruding tongue, short neck
abnormal head Parkinson’s disease	mask like expression
abnormal head CVA	no blood flow, hemorrhagic-burst
abnormal head Hypothyroidism	women- non-pitting edema, coarse facial features, dry skin, hair, eyebrows
abnormal head Hyperthyroidism	-graves -goiter -bulging eyes -nervousness, fatigue, muscle cramps, heat intolerance, bounding pulse, short breath, tachycardia,silky hair/skin, blinking, staring
eyes pediatric	Iris is brown to dark, greyish blue by 3 months real color appears 4th week tears Vision in both eyes by 6 weeks Adult size by age 8 Peripheral vision by age 3
eyes pregnant	Dry eyes, visual problems by shifting fluids Change in shape in last trimester
eyes geriatric	By age 45 lens losses elasticity, decrease tear, dryness, decrease pupillary size/response Presbyopia-cant accommodate for near vision depth perception fails Cataracts-cloudy clumping proteins arcus senilis-lipids around limbus Macular degeneration-ce
eyes subjective	Photophobia-inability to tolerate light floaters- strings or dots that’s normal unless obstruct vision with myopia lacrimation- tearing epiphora- excessive tearing strabismus- walleves were both eyes go outward differently
3 types of strabismus of eye subjective	diploia-2 images of single object esotropia- inward eyes exotropia- outward eyes
eyes Objective-inspect, palpation, opthalmoscope. Snellen-visual acuity is	E chart for distance 20 ft, cover 1 eye, when miss letter use as fraction for 20/20 vision
eyes Objective-inspect, palpation, opthalmoscope. Jaegar or Rosenbaum	charts and what readings mean, how to assess visual acuity- Near vision of 12 to 14 inches, without hesitancy, without moving card closer or further---PRESBYOPIA
eyes Objective-inspect, palpation, opthalmoscope. Fields of vision by confrontation	Stand eye level 2 ft away, both cover eye and move fingers 50 degrees upward, 70 degrees downward, 60 degrees nasally, saying now when see fingers
eyes Objective-inspect, palpation, opthalmoscope. EOMs Function - Corneal light reflex (Hirschberg test)	Person stares straight ahead light shines 12 inches away, note for same reflextion spot on both eyes
eyes Objective-inspect, palpation, opthalmoscope. cover test	stare straight ahead remove cover from 1 eye and find “steady, fixed gaze”, no jumping
eyes Objective-inspect, palpation, opthalmoscope. 6 cardial positions or fields of gaze	Head steady follow object with parallel eyes
eyes Nystagmus	Fine, oscillating movement, beating or jumping of eyes
eyes Ptosis	Lid lag, drooping upper lid
eyes Palpebral fissures	Horizontal, upward-Asian’s
Horizontal, upward-Asian’s	protrusion of eyeballs
eyes Ectropion	lower lids roll out
eyes Entropion	lower lids roll in
eyes Sclera should be	china white/grey-blue
eyes PERRLA	Pupils Equal Round, React to Light, and Accommodate (direct same side, consensual with other pupil)
eyes Mydriasis	dilatation of the pupil
eyes Miosis	constriction of the pupil
eyes Horner’s syndrome	Drooping eyelid (ptosis), Sinking of the eyeball into the face, Small (constricted) pupil (the black part in the center of the eye)
EYES Argyll Robertson	- where the pupils can respond to changes in distance (accommodation) but not to light
eyes abnormal Chalazion	blocked duct in one of the Meibomian glands
eye abnormal Stye	is an infection of the eyelid, resulting from a blocked oil gland
ear Helix	top curl of ear
ear Tragus	edge of ear t face where piercings
ear Lobus-	lower lobe
ear Cone of light	triangle that points to nose
ear Malleus	arm like bone
ear Eustachian tube	connects middle ear to nasopharynx
ear pediatric	-Eustachian tube straight -pull pinna down for temp -salivation in infants at 3 months
ear pregnant	-fullness, earaches -Rhinitis-inflammation, epitaxies-nose bleed from more blood flow -heightened smell -edema of vocal cords -gingivitis
ear geriatric	presbycusis-nerve degeneration, hearing loss -cerumen-cilla stiff -xrostomia-dry mouth bleeding gums Tinnitus-ringing, buzzing Vertigo-objective-feel like spinning, subjective room is spinning Rhinitis, epistaxis, gingivitis, auditory canal and Eust
ear Subjective-inspection, palpation, percussion, transilumination	equal size, shape, bilateral -skin color same as face -no tenderness pinna, tragus, mastoid process -External-no swelling, redness, discharge of cerumen (color, texture) -Tympanic-color(pearly grey), membrane intact, scarring,Otorrhea, tinnitus, vert
ear objective tympanic membrane	bluish tinge by blood in middle ear -perforation and scarring
ear objective Darwins tubercle-	bump sm outside
ear abnormal Hemotympanum	blood in tympanic membrane
ear abnormal otitis externa	infection of outer ear
ear abnormal otitis media-	infection of inner ear
ear abnormal Tophi	small yellowish non-tender nodules, uric acid crystal, gout
Hearing acuity whispered test	1 ear at time, 1-2 feet away 3 random words to test high frequency loss
Hearing acuity Rinne	tunning forks for conductive hearing loss, equal bilaterally Air conduction 30 sec Bone conduction 15 sec
Hearing acuity Weber	conductive or nerve damage, midline frontal forehead with no lateralization Conductive loss from impact cerumen, infection, bad eardrum Nerve loss- lateralization to better ear
Palpate frontal sinuses	eye corners by nose on eyebrow, percuss
Palpate Maxillary sinuses	above corners of mouth meet with nose holes
mouth buccal mucosa	pink, smooth, moist
throat tonsils and grading	1+ visible 2+ halfway between pillars and uvula 3+ touching uvula 4+ touching each other
throat tongue	protrudes midline -halitosis- bad breath
deviated septum	both side close in, long
perforated septum	Perforated-small circular hole
throat Ankyloglossia	tongue anchored to bottom born with
throat atrophic glossitis	smooth glossy vit deficiency
throat aphthous ulcers	canker sores
throat Leukoplakia	white patches from smoking/drinking, precancerous

Created by: mbruckman03