Science 100 Final Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Which of the following is considered to be a boundary between two different air masses?	Both warm front and cold front.
The air masses that have the greatest influence on weather conditions in the central United States are ________.	cP and mT
Most severe thunderstorms that occur in the middle latitudes form along or ahead of cold fronts.	True
Precipitation associated with a cold front is usually more intense and shorter in duration than precipitation generated by a warm front.	True
In some parts of the world hurricanes are called typhoons or cyclones.	True
On a weather map, ________ fronts are shown by a line with semicircles extending from one side.	warm
Which of the following should have the steepest pressure gradient?	tornado
This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States.	mT
A cT air mass is ________.	warm and dry
A tropical depression has stronger winds than a tropical storm.	False
When an area is experiencing several consecutive days of rather constant weather, it is probably ________.	air-mass weather
As a result of global warming, a significant melting of glaciers is expected during the next century.	True
After the center of a mature wave cyclone passes, you should expect ________.	barometric pressure to rise
A tornado warning is issued by the National Weather Service after a tornado has been sighted in an area or is indicated by weather radar.	True
Surface cyclones are accompanied by divergence aloft.	True
Tornadoes most often move TOWARDS what direction?	northeast
When an active cold front overtakes a warm front ________.	an occluded front forms
Continental polar air masses seldom influence the weather south of the Great Lakes.	False
If an observer sees cirrus clouds, followed later by cirrostratus, and then altostratus, he or she is witnessing the approach of a ________ front.	warm
Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts.	False
Most of the Moon's craters were produced by ________.	the impact of debris (meteoroids)
The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles.	nebular hypothesis
The Sun produces energy by converting ________.	hydrogen nuclei to helium nuclei
The Sun's surface has a grainy texture produced by numerous bright markings called ________.	granules
The layer of the Sun that radiates most of the light that reaches Earth is called the ________.	photosphere
Sunspots appear dark because they are cooler than the surrounding solar surface.	True
Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest extremes in surface temperatures.	True
Streams of protons and electrons emitted from the Sun produce ________.	the solar wind
________ refers to the bright head of a comet.	Coma
During periods of high solar activity, huge cloudlike structures that appear as great arches extending from the Sun are often produced. These solar features are called ________.	prominences
The high surface temperatures of this planet have been attributed to the greenhouse effect.	Venus
Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in the solar system.	True
The layer of the solar atmosphere directly above the photosphere is referred to as the ________.	chromosphere
Vast, circular to elliptical dark-colored, smooth areas of the Moon are known as ________.	lunar maria
The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia.	False
Saturn's rings are clusters of relatively small, individual particles; the rings observed on Jupiter are violent storm clouds swirling above the polar regions of the planet.	False
Large impact craters and large, domal features (probably representing viscous Large impact craters and large, domal features (probably representing viscous lava flows) have been imaged on the surface of Venus.	True
An extreme example of the greenhouse effect is thought to be associated with an abundance of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere.	False
The surface features of ________ are known only through satellite radar mapping.	Venus
The most conspicuous features on the surface of the Sun are dark areas called ________.	sunspots
Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars.	True
The larger the magnitude number, the brighter will be the star.	False
The hottest main-sequence stars are also the most massive.	True
A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface is called a ________.	black hole
The point in stellar evolution when a star has used up all its fuel and is radiating away its remaining thermal energy as light is the ________ stage.	white dwarf
The most dense stars known to exist are ________.	neutron stars
Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature?	red
The greatest number of galaxies belong to the type known as elliptical galaxies.	True
These stars are produced during a supernova event.	black hole
Based on the observed red shifts in the spectral lines of distant galaxies, astronomers conclude that ________.	the universe is expanding
Stars having the same surface temperature radiate the same amount of energy per unit area.	True
The Sun is considered an average star.	True
Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us.	True
The Sun belongs to this class of stars.	main-sequence star
Stars with a surface temperature 3000 K appear red in color.	True
The measure of a star's brightness is called its magnitude.	True
Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to their ________.	distance
One of the most common units used to express stellar distance is the ________.	light-year
The final stage in the evolution of a star like our Sun is a neutron star.	False
Which color stars have the highest surface temperature?	blue
Which main-sequence stars are the most massive?	blue
The final stage in the evolution of the most massive stars is a ________.	black hole
Most stars are in this stage of evolution.	main-sequence star
The Sun belongs to this class of stars.	main-sequence star
Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars.	True
Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ________ of their path of motion in the Southern Hemisphere.	right
Large estuaries are more common on a(n) ________ coastline	submergent
Neap tides occur about the time of the first quarter and third quarter phases of the Moon.	True
An isolated remnant of wave erosion is a ________.	sea stack
Desalination is currently our most productive and efficient source of fresh water.	False
The height, length, and period of a wave depend upon the ________.	all of these
Thermoclines in the ocean are best developed at ________.	lower latitudes
A rapid change in density with depth in the ocean is called the ________.	pycnocline
The smallest daily tidal range is during ________ tide.	neap
Which of the following is a tidal current?	both flood and ebb tide
Longshore sand transport and longshore currents depend on waves impinging parallel to a shoreline.	False
The proportion of dissolved substances in seawater is expressed as 0/00, which is the same as ________.	parts per thousand
Choose the best answer. The zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach is ________.	called beach drift
The rapid change in temperature with depth in the ocean is called the pycnocline.	False
A baymouth bar is a manmade feature designed to control wave erosion.	False
Tidal flats are submerged during ebb tide.	False
Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is ________.	equal to half the wavelength
The dissolved materials in seawater originate primarily from chemical weathering of rocks on the continents and from ________.	outgassing of elements from Earth's interior
Salinity in the ocean is highest in regions where ________ is high and ________ is low.	evaporation; precipitation
Halite (sodium chloride) is the most abundant salt found in seawater.	True
A flat, bench-like surface cut in rock along a coast is a ________.	wave-cut platform
The dissolved materials in seawater originate primarily from chemical weathering of rocks on the continents and from ________.	outgassing of elements from Earth's interior
The speed of sound in the ocean has been measured to determine changes in the ________ of the ocean.	temperature
The horizontal distance separating successive wave crests is called the wave period.	False
The turbulent water created by breaking waves is called surf.	True
Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is ________.	equal to half the wavelength
When the tide rises, water flows in toward the shore as the ebb tide.	False
Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ________ of their path of motion in the Northern Hemisphere.	right
Groins are constructed for the purpose of maintaining or widening beaches that are losing sand.	True
Which of the following is designed to reduce shoreline erosion?	all of these
Although the Sun influences the tides, its effect is considerably less than the effect of the Moon.	True
The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________.	all of the above
Fetch refers to ________.	a large expanse of open water over which the wind blows and generates waves
Large estuaries are more common on a(n) ________ coastline.	emergent
The most abundant salt in seawater is ________.	NaCl
Surface ocean circulation is also called thermohaline circulation.	True
A poleward-moving ocean current is ________.	warm
Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are ________.	all of the above
If stormy weather were approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________.	falling
If the barometer indicated 1020 millibars, air pressure would be considered high.	True
The force that generates wind is ________.	pressure gradient force
Closely spaced isobars indicate high wind speeds.	True
High pressure systems are usually associated with stormy weather.	False
Standard sea level pressure in millibars is ________.	1013 mb
The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward.	False
A sea breeze usually originates during the ________.	day and flows toward the land
Standard sea level pressure in inches of mercury is ________.	29.92 inches
What is the technical name for a high pressure center?	anticyclone
In the Southern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system blow ________.	clockwise and toward the center
An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity.	False
A steep pressure gradient ________.	produces strong winds
Low pressure systems are usually associated with clear weather.	False
In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system blow ________.	counterclockwise and toward the center
Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds?	westerlies
Upper air winds ________.	are generally faster than surface winds
When are upper air winds fastest?	in winter
The subpolar low (polar front) is ________.	a zone where the polar easterlies and the westerlies converge
Anticyclones characteristically have winds blowing out from their centers.	True

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