Chem 2 Word Scramble

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question	Answer
Respiratory acidosis	lower pH and an increased PCO2 and is due to respiratory depression
Respiratory alkalosis,	raised pH and a decreased PCO2,
due to over ventilation caused by hyperventilating, pain, emotional distress, or certain lung diseases that interfere with oxygen exchange.	repiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis	a lower pH and decreased HCO3-
blood is too acidic on a metabolic/kidney level	metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis	elevated pH and increased HCO3-
seen in hypokalemia, chronic vomiting (losing acid from the stomach), and sodium bicarbonate overdose.	metabolic alkalosis
pH decreased; HCO3- decreased	Metabolic acidosis
pH increased; HCO3- increased	metabolic alkalosis
pH decreased; pCO2 increased	Respiratory acidosis
pH increased; pCO2 decreased	Respiratory alkalosis
pCO2	pressure due to carbon dioxide in the blood
pO2	measure of the pressure of the oxygen dissolved in the blood
O2 saturation	represents the proportion of oxygenated hemoglobin compared to the total functional hemoglobin
reference range for pH	7.35-7.45
reference range for pCO2	40 mm hg
reference range for HCO3-	24 mmol/L
reference range for total CO2 content	23-27 mmol/L
reference range for pO2	80-110 mmol/L
reference range for SO2	>95% saturation
reference range for O2Hb	>95%
carbonic acid	H2CO3
bicarbonate	HCO3- anion
Oxygen content	sum of the oxygen bound to hemoglobin as O2Hb and the amount dissolved in the blood
Oxygen saturation SO2	represents the ratio of oxygen that is bound to the carrier protein(hemoglobin) compared with the total amount that the hemoglobin could bind
Base Excess	theroretical amount of titratable acid or base required to return the plasma pH to 7.40 at a pCO2 of 40mm Hg at 37C
Metabolic	refers to all acids and metabolites other than carbonic acid and is measured as HCO3-
To maintain a stable pH	plasma proteins and plasma buffers combine with the freed H+
Fractional hemoglobin FO2Hb	ratio of the concentration of oxyhemoglobin to the concentration of total hemoglobin (ctHb)
Hemoglobin-oxygen(binding)capacity	maximum amount of oxygen that can be carried by hemoglobin in a given quantity of blood
PO2 definition	partial pressure of oxygen
PCO2 definiton	partial pressure of carbon dioxide
pH	represents the negative or inverse log of the hydrogen ion concentration
Hypercarbia	abnormally increased arterial carbon dioxide tension
Acidemia	a pH of blood less than reference range
Alkalemia	a blood pH greater than the reference range
Respiratory	pertains to the lungs and is associated with an increase or decrease in carbonic acid & is measured as pCO2
Positive value base excess	non respiratory alkalosis
Negative value base excess	non respiratory acidosis
Non respiratory (other name)	Metabloic
Acid	substance that can yield a hydrogen ion(h+) or hydrogen ion when dissolved in water
Base	Substance that can ield hydroxyl ions (OH-)
Buffer	combination of a weak acid or weak base and its salt
System that resists change in pH	Buffer
Regulation of H+	bodys first line of defense against extreme changes in H+ concentration is the buffer system present in all body fluids
Carbon dioxide	the end product of most aerobic metabolic processes
Chloride shift	maintain electroneutrality, diffuses into the cell
electroneutrality	same number of positively and negatively charged ions on each side of the red cell membrane
Acidosis	pH below 7.35
Alkalosis	pH above 7.45
Bicarbonate buffering system	open system
lungs	participate rapidly in the regulation of blood pH through hypoventilation or hyperventilation
Control the bicarbonate concentration	Kidneys ( nonrespiratory or metabolic component
When arterial blood from a normal patient is exposed to room air	pCO2 increases & PO2 decreases
Normal ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in arterial blood	1:20
at a pH of 7.10 the H concentration is equal to...	80 nmol/L
The anticoagulant of choice for arterial blood gas measurments	Lithium heparin in the dry state
Carbonic acid concentration in blood plasma equals	0.0307 mmol-1 mn hg-1 times the pCO2 value in mmhg
Q. bicarbonate leaves the rbcs and enters plasma through an exchange mechanism with (BLANK) to maintain electroneutrality	A. Chloride
Q. pH 7.48 ;pCO2 54 mm; HCO3- 38mmol/L	A. Compensated nonrespiratory alkalosis
Q. Oxygen content in blood reflects	A. pO2 value
Q. pH 7.37 ; pCO2 75mm hg ; HCO3- 37 mmol/L	A. Compensated respiratory acidosis
Q. Hemoglobin oxygen binding capacity for a blood sample that is 100% saturated with O2 and has a total hemoglobin calue of 12g/dL is approximatly	A. 17 mL O2/dL
Q. Hypoventilation can compensate for	A. Non respiratory acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis signs & symptoms	Dizziness, syncope, tingling, numbness, early tetany
Respiratory acidosis signs and symptoms	Early: anxiety, restlessness, dyspnea, headache Late: confusion, somnolence, coma
Metabolic alkalosis signs and symptoms	weakness, mental dullness
Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms	Secondary hyperventilation, nausea, lethargy, coma
Respiratory alkalosis causes	Alveolar hyperventilation
Respiratory acidosis causes	Alveolar hypoventilation
Metabolic alkalosis causes	Bicarbonate ingestion, vomiting, diuretics, steroids, adrenal disease
Metabolic acidosis causes	Diabetic, lactic, or uremic acidosis, prolonged diarrhea
^ pH ; low pCO2 ; decreased HCO3	metabolic compensation
^ pH ; low pCO2 ; normal HCO3	no compensation
^ pH; ^ HCO3 ; elevated pCo2	respiratory compensation
^ pH; ^ HCO3; normal pCO2	no compensation
metabolic compensation	low pH; ^ pCO2 ;increased HCO3
No compensation	low pH; ^ pCO2; normal HCO3
Respiratory compensation	low pH; low HCO3; decreased pCO2
Acidosis metabolic -no compensation	low pH; low HCO3; normal pCO2
Metabolic acidosis potassium ( increased or decreased)	Increased(metabolic)
Metabolic alkalosis potassium (increased or decreased)	Decreased(metabolic)
Respiratory acidosis potassium ( increased or decreased)	Increased ( respiratory)
Respiratory alkalosis potassium (increased or decreased)	Decreased ( respiratory)
disorders where pCO2 are normal	Metabolic alkalosis and acidosis
Shift in curve to the left	results in easier binding of oxygen to haemoglobin, but decreased ability to dissociate from haemoglobin and move to the tissues. Can cause hypoxia
common causes of left shifts of the curve	alkalosis, hypocapnia, hyperthermia
Shifts in curve to the right	Causes oxygen to associate poorly with haemoglobin but dissociate more readily at a tissue level. this can easily lead to tissue hypoxia from poor arterial oxygenation
Common causes of right shifts of the curv25`e	Acidosis, hypercapnia, hyperthermia

Created by: Sdevries0982