Ch 7 animalbio Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
PHYLUM: More complex than sponges but simple; sessile or feebly-swimming, effective predators	Cnidaria
Contain the animals stinging organelles (cnidae)	Cnidocytes
Longest fossil history	Cnidaria
Ctenophores and Cnidaria are characterized by:	primary radial symmetry: good for sessile animals because they approach environment from all sides equally
These phylums are only up to this level of organization	tissue level organization with few organs
Adults only have epidermis and gastrodermis, developed from two embryonic layers (ectoderm & endoderm)	Diploblastic
Why can they not produce true muscles	Because muscles come from mesoderm
One jellyfish found in Ohio (freshwater)	C. Sowerbyi
Bioluminescent crystal jelly; hydrozoan medusa found off west coast of North America	Aequorea victoria
protein first isolated from the crystal jelly, used a reporter of gene expression; proof-of-concept that a gene can be expressed thru out a given organism	GFP (green flourescent protein)
CLASS: mostly marine; cnidocytes in epidermis, no wandering mesechyme cels, medusa (if present) with a velum, colonial polyps. Some may be medusa only.	Hydrozoa
CLASS: all maria, medusa prominent life stage, small polyps, epidermis and gastrodermis, no velum, wandering mesenchyme cells, manubirum for food capture and ingestion	Scyphozoa (true jellyfish)
CLASS: medusa attached to polyp, octamerous body plan, nonswimming larva	Staurazoa
CLASS: cuboidal medusa, tentacles from each corner, square and active swimmers. Velarium present, neurally advanced.	Cubozoa (eg. sea wasp)
CLASS: all marine, polyp only, occur at all depths, cnidocytes in gastrodermis, cavities divided by mesenteries, mesoglea with wandering mesenchyme cells	Anthozoa (anenomes, stony and soft corals)
mouth opens to this region which extends into the tentacles and may be fused in colonial hydroids (nutritive, muscular, interstitial, gland cells and cnidocytes (except hydrozoa).	Gastrovascular cavity
Primary support of Cnidarians is through a	hydrostatic skeleton
Forms the body wall; epitheliomuscual cells, interstitial cells, gland cells, cnidocyts, sensory and nerve cells.	Epidermis
A layer of large, ciliated columnar epitelial cells that may contain large numbers of food vacuoles	Gastrodermis
Gelantious with elastic cells, but may have amoeboid cells and epitheliomuscular cells; thicker in medusa; between epidermis and gastrodermis	Mesoglea
Forms most of the epidermis and serve for covering and for muscular contraction ability	Epitheliomuscualr cells
Tissue that forms as striated muscle from ectoderm, while the inner wall forms the smooth muscle of the feeding and sex organs	Entocodon
Cells abundant around the mouth and in the pedal disc of hydra, secrete mucus or adhesive material	Gland cells
Cells scattered among other epidermal cells, around mouth and tentacles especially. Free end bears flagellum which is sensory receptor while other end reacts with nerve cells	Sensory cells
Undifferentiated stem cells found among bases of epitheliomuscular cells, producing other cells	Interstitial cells
Sensory signals are passed by flagellated cells that pick up tactile or chemical cues; vesicles may occur on both sides allowing two way communication	Nerve net (no central nervous system)
Stinging cells of Cnidarians	Cnidocytes
Where do cnidocytes arise from	Epidermal Interestial Cells
They possess this form in which they alternate between a free swimming medusa and a sessile polyp stage (except staurazoa medusa attached to polyp, anthozoa only poylp, and some hydrozoa)	Dimorphism
Cnidarians divide functions among polyps; thus	polyps are identical so it does not matter which reproduce, defend the colony, or gather food
Atypical hydrozoan that have no medusa at all	Hydras
Medusas have which kind of symmetry	Tetramerous
A modified cilia, sensory structure which induces discharge of hollow tube which either have a paralyzing toxin or wrap around prey	Cnidocil
The nematocyst is emitted via	high osmotic pressure
Polyps and medusa are both	diploid; asexual and sexual reproduction
This class has a STATOCYST for balance, two sensory pits, and ocelli (simple eyes)	Scyphozoa
Cubozoa have four, flattened, blade-like structures from which the tentacles are suspended	Pedalia
Cubozoa have these, which are complex and may include eyes with lenses to help in their predatory lifestyle	rhopalia
CLASS: Medusa-like structure remains attached allowing polyp to reproduce sexually	Staurozoa
CLASS: Flower-like appearance and no medusa stage occurs	Anthozoa
How do Anthozoans differ from Hydrozoans	Mouth opens to pharynx and a ciliated track (siphonoglyph) moves water down the gastrovascular cavity. The gastrovascular cavity is divided by mesenteries that bear nematocysts (no cnidocils), and internal symmetry is biradial.
The hard or stony corals	Zoantharian corals (Coral Reef)
The marine diversity hotspot	Ecosystem
Tube anemones and thorny corals with a hexamerous body plan	Ceriantipatharia
Soft and horny corals, sea fans, sea pets with an octamerous body plan	Octocorallia
Comb jelly; dipoloblastic with true muscles, biradial symmetry; gelatinous mesoglia between epidermis and gastrodermis; presence of nerve net	Ctenophore
Due to ctenophores 8 comb rows of ciliated bands they are	largest animals which swim by cilia
Specialized glue cells of Ctenophore tentacles	colloblasts
Class: Flourescent	Tentaculata
No tentacles, flattened, branched gastro cavity with eats other jellyfish	Beroe
Introduced species in the black sea region that eats larval fish and crustaceans	Mnemiopsis leidyi
Unusual ctenophore; venus girdle	Cestum veneris

Created by: ohktina