Ap Chap 16 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to____	cortisol
how do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?	by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because___	during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes
chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called___	hormones
sometimes prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as ___	down-regulation
adh____	is inhibited by alcohol
the neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because___	it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from hypothalamus for release
cellular responses to hormones that initiate second messenger systems include___	possible activation of several different second messenger systems
which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone?	epinephrine
the ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presene of a hormone is dependent on ____	the prescence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the___	hypophyseal portal system
thyroid hormone exerts its influence by____	entering some cells and binding to the intracellular receptors within the nuclei
ACTH____	secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion
gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of____	cortisol
the second messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by___	binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP
which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP?	the heart
One of the least complicated of the endocrine systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?	humoral stimulation
which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis?	parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood.
cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor nad kinase activation. In order for cells to respond it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicateThis is possible because	G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers
what ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid based hormones?	calcium
which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?	all of these are signs (polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia)
eicosanoids do not include___	hydrocortisones
a man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle stimulating hormones (fsh) and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem	FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes
virtually all of the protein or amino acid based hormones exert their effects through intracellular ___	second messengers
Gonadocorticoids____	production by the adrenal gland is insignificant compared with sex hormone release from the gonadsduring late puberty.
when it becomes necessary to enlist the fight or flight response a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation of syndrome is___	epinephrine
normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ___	thymus gland
the parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. this is accomplished through__	targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released
the most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is___	aldosterone
leptin is secreted by___	adipocytes
regulating hormones from hypothalamus____	first enger into the hypophyseal portal system
the major targets of growth hormone are___	bones and skeletal muscles
oxytocin___	release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
thyroid hormone )a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ___	steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells
which organ does not have hormone production?	liver
aldosterone____	functions to increase sodium reabsorption
which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?	direct control of the nervous system
which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction?	type of hormone
thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?	it does not require a second messenger to effect a response
which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells?	a hormone receptor complex that interacts directly with the cell's DNA
which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus?	enzyme
the hypothalamic hypophyseal tract ___	is partly contained within the infundibulum
steroid hormones exert their action by___	entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
which of the following organs is affected by thyroid hormone in adults?	liver
the only amine hormone to act like a steroid is___	TH
in circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as	up regulation

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