LCHS Woodard AP Logical Fallacy terms
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| Fallacy | defect in an argument which causes it to be invalid, unsound, or weak
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| ad misericordia | appeal to pity, a statement designed to arouse pity rather that using a logical premise
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| ad ignorantium | appeal to ignorance, concluded a proposition is true because it has not been proven false or that it is false because it has not been proven true.
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| appeal to traditional wisdom | appeal based on previous actions
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| plain folks | a speaker tries to win confidence and support by appearing to be just like the audience, the common man
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| ad hominem | "against the man" appeal attacking a person or group, not the issue
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| ad populum | "to the people" (bandwagon) conclues a proposition to be true because so many people believe it
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| double standard | two comparable items are evaluated according to different standards
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| straw man | selecting to refute opponents weakest argument, or concocting tenuous opposing arguments
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| red herring | divert attention from important issues by selecting irrelevant issues to discuss
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| false analogy | comparing two items that do not deserve comparison (opposite of double standard)
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| glittering generality | emotionally appealing words closely associated with highly valued concepts and beliefs
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| equivocation (slanting) | using ambiguous words/phrases/ideas and changing their meaning
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| oversimplification | obscuring or denying the complexity of an issue
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| false dilemma (either/or) | stating two choices as the only alternatives
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| nonsequitur | "it does not follow" conclusion is not a logical result of the facts
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| post hoc (ergo propter hoc) | "after this" implying that because one event follows another, the 1st caused the second (chronology doesn't = causality)
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| hasty generalization | drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence (leads to stereotypes)
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| begging the question | premise is identical with the conlcusion
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| slippery slope | one step will eventually lead to an undesirable second (or third, fourth, etc.) step
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