Chpt. 6 - The Circulatory System
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| Antecubital | Means "infront of the elbow
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| Arrhythmia | Irregularity in the heart rate, rhythm or beat
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| Atria | The upper reciving chambers on each side of the heart
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| Basilic vein | Large vein on the inner side of the antecubital area that is the last choice vein for venipuncture
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| Blood pressure | A mesure of the force (pressure) exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels
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| Cardiac cycle | One complete contraction and subsequent relaxation of the heart
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| Cephalic vein | The second choice antecubital vein for venipuncture located in the lateral aspect of the antecubital fossa
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| Coagulation | The blood clotting process
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| Crossmatch | A test to determine suitability of mixing donor and recipient blood
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| Diastole | The relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle
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| Electrocardiogram - ECG/EKG | An actual record of the electrical current corresponding to each event in heart muscle contraction
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| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells (RBC) anuclear, disk shaped blood cells whose main function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells and to transport cabon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs
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| Extrinsic/Extrinsic pathway | Means "originating outside" - coagulation pathway initiated by the release of thromboplastin from injured tissue
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| Fibrinolysis | Stage 4 of hemostasis a process that results in the removal or dissolution of a blood clot once healing has occurred
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| Hemostasis | Process by which the body stops the leakage of blood from the vascular system after injury, also know as the coagulation process
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| Intrinsic | Means "originating within" - coagulation pathway involving coagulation factors circulating within the bloodstream
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| Leukocytes | White blood cells (WBC) necleus-contraining blood cells whose main function is to combat infection and remove disintegrated tissue
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| Median cubital | The preferred vein for venipuncture located in the middle of the anteculbital fossa
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| Plasma | The top layer of clear liquid used for testing also the fluid portion of the blood in the living body
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| Pulmonary circulation | The vascular pathway that carries blood from the heart to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is removed and then returns oxygenated blood to the heart
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| Serum | Normally a clear pale-yellow fluid that can be separated from a clotted blood specimen and has the same composition as plasma except that it does not contain fibrinogens
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| Sphygmomanometer | Blood pressure cuff, a device used to measure blood pressure
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| Systemic circulation | The vascular pathway that carries oxygenated blood from the heart, along with nutrients, to all cells of the body and then returns the blood to the heart carrying carbon dioxide and other waste products of cellular metabolism
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| Systole | Contracting phase of the cardiac cycle
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| Thrombin | An enzyme that converts fibrinogen into the fibrin necessary for clot formation
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| Thrombocytes | Medical term for platelets - cellular elements that play a role in the coagulation process and are the smallest of the formed elements
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| Vasoconstriction | Stage 1 of hemostasis in which a damaged vessel constricts (narrows) to decreases the flow of blood to an injured area
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| Ventricles | The lower pumping or delivering chambers on each side of the heart
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| Epicardium | Outer layer of the heart - Thin serous (watery) membrane that is continuous with the lining of the pericardium - Covers the heart and attaches to the pericardium
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| Myocardium | Middle layer of the heart - Thick layer of cardiac muscle - Contracts to pump blood into the arteries
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| Endocardium | Inner layer of the heart - Thin layer of epithelial cells that is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels - Lines the interior chambers and valves
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| The circulatory system | Carries oxygen and food to the cells of the body and carries carbon dioxide and other wates away from the cells to the excretory organs,kidneys,lungs and skin.
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| Heart structure | The heart is a four chambered, hollow, muscular organ that is slightly larger than a man's closed fist
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| Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system | Carrying oxygen to the tissue cells
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| The heart is surrounded by a thin fluid filled sac called the: | Pericardium
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| The middle layer of the heart is called the | Myocardium
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| How many chambers are there in the human heart | 4
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| This heart chamber delivers oxygen rich blood to the ascending aorta | Left ventricle
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| This heart chamber receives blood from the systemic system | Right atrium
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| The semilunar valves are located: | At the exits of both of the ventricles
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| The right atrioventricular valve is also called the: | Tricuspid valve
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| This valve gets its name from its resemblance to a bishop's hat | Mitral valve
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| The structure that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart is called the | Interventricaular septum
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| The heart muscle gets its blood supply from the: | Coronary arteries
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| These structures keep the atrioventricular valves from flipping back into the atria | Chordae tendineae
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| Myocardial ischemia is a condition that results from | Partial obstruction of a coronary artery
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| The medical term for a heart attach is myocardial | Infarction
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| The average normal heart rate is | 72 beats per minute
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| An infection of the lining of the heart is called | Endocarditis
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| The pulmonary circulation takes blood to the | Lungs and back to the heart
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| Which of the following veins is found in the leg | Femoral
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| Blood vessels that carry blood away for the heart are called | Arteries
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| Which of the following veins carry oxygen rich blood | Pulmonary
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| Normal systemic areterial blood is | Bright red
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| The largest artery in the body is the | Aorta
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| The longest vein in the body is the | Great saphenous
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| What keeps the blood moving through the venous system | Skeletal muscle movement and valves in the veins
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| The smallest branches of veins are called | Venules
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| These are tiny blood vessels that are only one cell thick | Capillaries
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| The tunica adventitia is the | External layer of a blood vessel
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| The internal space of a blood vessel or tube is called | Lumen
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| The layers of the arteries differ from the layers of veins in that the | Muscle layer is thcker in arteries
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| Oxygen and nutrients diffuse through the walls of the | Capillaries
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| The right ventricle delivers blood to the | Pulmonary artery
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| Which of the follow blood vessels carries oxygenated blood | Pulmonary vein
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| Which of the following blood vessels are listed in the proper direction of blood flow | Arteries, arterioles, capillaries
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| The antecubital (AC) fossa is located | Anterior and distal to the elbow
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| Which on of the following veins is found only in or below the AC fossa | Median
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| The basilic vein is the last choice for venipuncture because it is | Located close to a major nerve
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| The major vein merges with the brachiocephalic vein in the chest | Subclavian
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| Two median cutaneous nerves lie close to this vein | Bailic
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| Which of the following veins are listed in the proper order of selection for venipuncture | Medican cubital, cephalic, basilic
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| When the hand is prone, the antecubital protion of the cephalic vein is normally located in line with the | Little finger
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| According to the Clinical & Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI), venipuncture should not be performed on leg, ankle or foot vein unless | Permission of the patient's physicican has been obtained
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| The popliteal vein is found in the | Leg
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| This is the medical term for a blood clot circulating in the bloodstream | Embolus
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| The medical term for vein inflammation is | Phlebitis
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| Which of the following is a localized dilation of bulging of an artery | Aneurysm
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| Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with formation of a blood clot is called | Thrombophlebitis
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| Normal adult blood volumes approximately | 5 liters
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| The normal composition of blood is approximately | 55% plasma, 45% formed elements
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| Normal plasma is a | Clear or slightly hazy, pale-yellow fluid that is 90% water
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| Which of the following is an abnormal finding in the blood | Bacteria
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| Which blood cell contains a nucleus | Leukocyte
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| A reticulocyte count identifies immature | Red blood cell
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| Which blood cell increases in allergic reactions and pinworm infestations | Eosinophil
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| Red blood cells are produced in the | Bone marrow
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| The primary function of red blood cells is to | Transport oxygen to cells in the body
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| A leukocyte is a | White blood cell
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| Which blood cell has the ability to pass through blood vessel walls | Leukocyte
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| Which type of cell destroys pathogens by phagocytosis (surrounding,engulfing and destroying) | Neutrophil (most numerous type of WBC)
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| Which of the following is a short erm for neutrophils | Polys - PMN - seg for short
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| Which formed element is the first to play a role in sealing an injury to a blood vessel | Platelet
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| Which of the following is an anuclear biconcave disc | Erythrocytes
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| What type of cell is sometimes called a macrophage | Monocyte
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| Some of these cells are give rise to plasma cells | Lymphocyte
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| Platelets are also called | Thromobcytes
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| A platelet is actually a part of a bone marrow cell called a | Megakaryocyte
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| Which of the following are normally the most numerous of the fomed elements | Red blood cell
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| A whole blood specimen consists of | Plasma and the formed elements
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| The liquid portion of a clotted blood specimen is called | Serum
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| A whole blood specimen has an abnormally large buffy coat. This is an indication that the patient has | An elevated leukocyte paltelt count
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| The figure to the right shows a centrifuged whole blood specimen. Identify the portion of the specimen indicated by arrow 1 | Plasma - floating on top
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| Identify the protion of the specimen indicated by - white background w/dots | Buffy coat
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| How can you visually tell serum from plasma | You cannot visually tell them apart
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| Most tests in this department are performed on plasma specimens | Coagulation
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| It is preferable to perform most stat chemistry test on plasma rather than serum because plasma: | Can be tested a lot sooner
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| Serum: | Is collected in a nonanticoagulant tube
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| A person with thrombocytosis has abnormally | Increased platelets
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| The coagulation process plays a role in | Hemostasis
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| A needle puncture to a vein is normally healed by | Platelet plug formation
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| Obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus | Results in an embolism
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| Lymph fluid is most like | Plasma
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| lymph fluid originates from excess | Tissue fluid
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| Lymph fluid keeps moving in the right direction becuase of: | Valves within the lymph vessels
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| One function of the lymphatic system is to: | Remove and destroy bacteria
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| Lymph node tissue has the ability to: | Remove impurities
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| Lymphoid tissue is also found in the: | Thymus
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| A malignant lymphoid tumor is called: | Lymphosarcoma
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| What is immature RBCs? | Reticulocyte
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