Chapter 5:The Integument and Related Structures
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| show | The skin of the body,consisting of dermis and epidermis.
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| show | The skin and all of its related components,such as nails,hair,hooves,and horns.
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| show | A tough,waterproof protein that makes up scales,the outer sheaths of beaks and claws,and feathers.
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| show | The normal formation of keratin inside epithelial cells of the skin.
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| show | A fat-soluble vitamin essential for life in most organisms.
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| Epidermis | show 🗑
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| show | The deep,connective tissue portion of the skin that contains blood vessels,glands,and hair follicles.
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| Hypodermis | show 🗑
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| Subcutaneous Layer | show 🗑
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| show | Keratinocytes,melanocytes,merkel cells,langerhans cells.
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| Keratinocytes | show 🗑
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| show | Produce a tough,fibrous,waterproof protein called keratin that gives skin its resilency and strength.
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| Melanocyte | show 🗑
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| What is the function of melanocytes? | show 🗑
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| show | That sulfuous pigment produced by melanocytes,especially when stimulated by sunlight.
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| Melanosomes | show 🗑
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| Langerhans Cells | show 🗑
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| What is the function of langerhans cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Thought to aid in tactile sensory function,these cells are located in small numbers within the epidermal-dermal junction.
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| show | To aid in the sensation of tough,taking on a half-dome shape.
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| show | The junction formed by Merkel's cells and sensory nerves.
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| show | Stratum germinativum,stratum spinosum,stratum granulosum,stratum lucidum,and stratum corneum.
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| show | The base layer of epidermis,composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells that divide to replenish the constantly eroding superficial layer of the epidermis.
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| show | Stratum Germinativum.
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| show | The prickle cell layer.The weblike layer of epidermis dense with intercellular attachments.
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| Stratum Granulosum | show 🗑
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| show | The clear layer of epidermis prsent only in very thick skin,such as that of the paw pads.
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| show | The horny layer of the epidermis lying most superficially on the skin's surface.
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| Describe the process of keratinization. | show 🗑
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| show | Small elevations located throughout the surface of the epidermis,usunally containing a tactile hair.
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| Tactile Hair | show 🗑
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| show | Tactile hairs used to aid in the perception of touch.
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| show | The deep,connective tissue portion of the skin that contains blood vessels,glands,and hair follicles.
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| What are the structures that comprise the Dermis? | show 🗑
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| Papillar Layer | show 🗑
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| Dermal Papillae | show 🗑
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| show | The oval,tactile nerve endings,both myelinated and unmyelinated,found w/in the dermal papillae of the epidermis.
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| Reticular Layer | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the Papillar layer? | show 🗑
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| show | Help to cement the epidermis and dermis together.
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| What is the function of the reticular layer? | show 🗑
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| show | A loose layer of areolar tissue that is rich with adipose,blood and lymphatic vessels,and nerves.
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| show | Tactile nerve endings located w/in the subcutaneous tissue of the skin.
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| show | The degree of coloration dependent on the concentration of melanin.
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| Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH) | show 🗑
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| Hypophysis | show 🗑
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| show | Many species have multiple footpads.Theses include:carpal pads,metacarpal and metatarsal pads,and digital pads.The pad is also composed of exocrine sweat glands and lamellar corpuscles.
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| show | The topmost plane of the muzzle in such species as cats,dogs,pigs,and sheep.
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| What are the unique features of planum nasale? | show 🗑
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| Planum Nasolabials | show 🗑
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| show | Believed to be the vestigial remants of the carpal and tarsal bones or extra toes possessed by ancestors of the modern horse.
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| show | Believed to be the vestigial remnant of metacarpal and metatarsal pads,they are the horny keratinized growths located behind the fetlocks of all equids.
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| Infraorbital Pouch | show 🗑
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| Interdigital Pouch | show 🗑
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| show | Also knows as mammary pouch.A pouch of cutaneous tissue found w/in the inguinal area of sheep.
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| show | Tubelike invaginations of the epidermis that traverse through the dermis into the connective tissue,where the hair is rooted.
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| What are the parts of the hair follicles? Describe how they grow. | show 🗑
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| Root Hair Plexus | show 🗑
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| show | Follicles through which more than one hair emerges.
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| Epidermal Orifice | show 🗑
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| Primary Hair | show 🗑
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| Secondary Hairs | show 🗑
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| Medulla | show 🗑
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| Cortex | show 🗑
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| show | The single layer of cells that make up the outermost layer of the hair shaft.
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| Telogen Effluvium | show 🗑
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| show | The active phase of hair growth.
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| show | The resting phase of hair growth.
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| show | The transitional phase between anagen and telogen phases of the hair growth cycle.
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| show | A sulfur-based,yellow-brown pigment that produces a reddish color in hair.
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| Tyrosine Melanin | show 🗑
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| List and describe the three types of hair. | show 🗑
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| show | The large,straight hairs predominant in complex hair follicles.
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| Tactile Hairs | show 🗑
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| Implantation Angle | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth muscle that is attached to the base of the hair follicle.
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| Describe the structure and location of sebaceous glands. | show 🗑
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| show | Secretion of the sebaceous gland containing oils and epithelial cells.
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| show | Fat-based secretion of the sheep's sebaceous glands.
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| Sweat Glands | show 🗑
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| Eccrine Gland | show 🗑
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| Apocrine Sweat Glands | show 🗑
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| What is the difference in eccrine and apocrine sweat glands? | show 🗑
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| show | An oval region filled with many sevaceous and apocrine glands,located over the eighth coccygeal vertebrae.
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| show | Perianal sacs,containing apocrine and sebaceous glands,that are located at 5 & 7 o'clock positions relative to the anus.
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| Defecation | show 🗑
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| Claws | show 🗑
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| show | The bone of the phalanx that is located most distal from the body;the tip of the digit.
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| Dewclaws | show 🗑
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| show | Bones of the forelimb that lie between the carpals and phalanges of quadrupeds.
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| Phalangeal Bones | show 🗑
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| Hoof | show 🗑
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| show | An alternate name for the hoof.
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| Ungulates | show 🗑
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| show | The dermis of the skin.
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| Laminar Corium | show 🗑
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| Laminitis | show 🗑
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| show | Located in the perioplic sulcus and supplies nutrients to the overlaying periople.
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| show | The part of the corium that has differentiated to provide nourishment to the hoof at the site of the coronary band.
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| Sole Corium | show 🗑
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| Frog Corium | show 🗑
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| Coronary Band | show 🗑
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| Navicular Bone | show 🗑
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| Coffin Bone | show 🗑
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| show | The interdigitations between the corium and hoof that serve as the attachment sites between the hoof and coffin bone.
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| Hoof Wall | show 🗑
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| show | The most anterior region of the hoof.
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| Quarters | show 🗑
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| Heel | show 🗑
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| Horn Tubes | show 🗑
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| Sole | show 🗑
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| Angle | show 🗑
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| show | The white or light-colored region that marks where the wall and sole of the hoof adjoin.
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| show | The thick triangular pad located on both the plantar and palmar surfaces of the horse's hoof.
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| Point | show 🗑
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| Central Sulcus | show 🗑
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| show | Deep ridge on either side of the frog that separates it from the bars in the equine hoof.
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| Digital Cushion | show 🗑
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| Lateral Cartilages | show 🗑
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| Horns | show 🗑
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| Polled Breeds | show 🗑
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| Velvet Skin | show 🗑
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| show | It covers and protects underlying structures and forms a critical barrier between the delicate inner workings of the body and the harsh elements of the external world.
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| show | It enables millions of dead cells to rub off or exfoliate daily at no expense to the health of the animal.
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| How is the skin of hairy animals different from that of humans? | show 🗑
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| How is the dermis different from the epidermis? | show 🗑
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| What causes pigmentation of skin? | show 🗑
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| How are pawpads and the planum nasale different from other regions of the skin? | show 🗑
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| show | Anagen,catagen,telogen.
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| show | Melanin production decreases.White hair is formed when the cortex loses its pigment entirely and the medulla becomes completely filled with air.
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| show | When frightened or cold the animals hair will stand up.It is a defense mechanism designed to make the animal appear bigger and therefore less vulnerable to potential predators.
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| Where are anal sacs found and what is their importance to animals? | show 🗑
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| What is the part of the horse's hoof that makes up the largest part of the hoof's bottom surface? | show 🗑
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| show | Melanin.
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