Stack #901692
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| The first machine capable of producing permanent curl was invented in | 1905
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| The inventor of the first permanent wave machine was | Charles Nessler
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| 1938 Arnold f. willatt inventened the first | cold wave
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| Heat waves that are self-timed and self-heated are called | exothermic
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| Acid waves that require the application of heat are | endothermic
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| What type of wave uses thioglycolic acid or its derivatives with ammonia and processes the hair without heat | Cold
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| The overlap method of wrapping hair around a perm tool is also called | croquignole
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| To achieve the desired curl formation hair should wrap around the rod at least how many times | 2 1/2
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| What type of rods produce a large curl pattern on either side and a smaller curl in the center | concave
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| What type of rods produce small firm curls | small diameter rods
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| the most common end paper technique used to avoid bunching at the ends is the | double paper
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| the base is defined as the area between two | partings
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| The most common base control for perming is a/an | half off base
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| in perming a one base size is | equal to the diameter of perm rod
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| a larger base size will have which of the following effects on the curl | reduce strength
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| to achieve maximum volume which tool position should be used | on base
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| which tool position is used in perimeter areas where closeness is desired | underdirected
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| the tool positioned used when only a minimum degree of volume is desired is the | off base
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| What element do most acid waves use along with tension and waving lotion to process hair | heat
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| what structure must be permanently broken to change the hair from a straight to a curly state | disulfide bonds
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| what procedure removes the excess waving lotion | rinsing
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| alkaline waves carry a ph of | 8.0 - 9.5
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| Neutralizing is also known as | rebonding
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| what procedure reduces the swelling of the hair and hardens the bonds into the new size and shape during a perm process | applying neutralizer
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| hydrogen peroxide sodium perborate or sodium bromate are commonly used in | neutralizers
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| which waving solution is not recommended for porous or damaged hair | alkaline
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| low ph alkaline waves have a ph of | 8
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| acid waves have a ph of | 6.9 - 7.2
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| hair must be wrapped without tension when using | alkaline waves
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| wrapping with even tension when using an acid wave produces the effect of | increases processing time
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| it is essential to completely rinse the perm solution before applying | neutralizer
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| leaving the neutralizer on longer than recommended can | cause damage
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| which waving solution has the shortest processing time | alkaline
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| acid perms create | soft natural curls
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| what term refers to the hairs ability to absorb moisture liquids and chemicals | porosity
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| The hairs ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called | elasticity
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| thio-free perms use what as a reducing agent | cystemine hydrocholoride
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| which perm wrap is considered the most basic perm wrap pattern | rectangle
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| rods to large for the desired curl can cause | a limp curl
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| too much hair on a rod can cause | an uneven curl pattern
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| the physical and chemical process of making straight hair curly | permanent waving
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| use heat tension control and a weaving lotion to process hair | acid waves
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