FLUORIDE
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| show | Delivered systemically and/or topically.
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| Fluoride works in three ways to reduce and prevent tooth decay | show 🗑
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| show | Systemic delivery:
1)water
(commercially or naturally fluoridated)
2) supplements including prenatal
3) Inadvertent (непреднамеренный, случайный)
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| show | When fluoride is ingested during tooth development it has a pre-eruptive, systemic effect
delivered to the forming teeth via the blood stream
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| show | Topical delivery of fluoride
fluoride is applied to exposed surfaces of erupted (post-eruption) teeth
provides the greatest effect on reducing/preventing tooth decay
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| show | Fluoride delivered systemically can have topical effects
if there are erupted teeth
chewing fluoride tablets
swallowing fluoridated water or liquid supplements
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| show | Fluoride delivered topically can have systemic effects
if there are unerupted teeth
swallowing any form of topically applied fluoride provides a source of systemic fluoride
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| What is fluoride? | show 🗑
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| show | combines with cations (+ charge) to form various inorganic fluoride compounds found in minerals in rocks and soil
Calcium fluoride
Sodium fluoride
Magnesium fluoride
Potassium fluoride
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| show | Fluoride ion (F-)
is a reduced form of fluorine
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| Reduced form of fluorine | show 🗑
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| show | free fluoride ion is found in water
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| show | Water passes through the soil and over rock formations, dissolves the fluoride compounds,
breakup is referred to as disassociation;
*free fluoride ions are released
*Fluoride ions are present to some extent in all food and water
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| Fluoride Intake (ways): | show 🗑
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| Fluoride Absorption, Gastrointestinal Tract, time, absorption is inhibited when fluoride is taken with... | show 🗑
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| show | *Blood plasma
carries fluoride for distribution & elimination
peak levels within 30 minutes of intake:
*normal plasma levels are low
rise and fall according to intake
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| Fluoride is distributed by the plasma to ...fluoride has strong affinity for..majority of fluoride in what tissues of the body... | show 🗑
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| Teeth and fluoride storage | show 🗑
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| show | amount of fluoride ion stored in the crystal lattice (решётка, сетка) of teeth and bone
varies with intake, time of exposure, and the age and stage development
*teeth store small amounts
highest levels at the tooth surface
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| fluoride deposited during tooth development can only be altered by... | show 🗑
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| Fluoride Excretion | show 🗑
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| Teeth can acquire fluoride during three periods of tooth development: | show 🗑
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| Fluoride is deposited during the formation of enamel when it is | show 🗑
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| Pre-eruptive fluoride effect on occlusal grooves | show 🗑
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| show | Pre-eruptive: mineralization stage
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| show | Excessive systemic fluoride (from any source) during this period results in
hypomineralization (enamel hypoplasia)
dental fluorosis.
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| After mineralization and prior to eruption, additional fluoride is... during this stage much more fluoride is acquired... what children benefit | show 🗑
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| show | After eruption and throughout the life span of the tooth
concentration of fluoride in the enamel is dependent on topical sources:
1)concentration
2)frequency of exposure
(fluoridated water becomes a topical source)
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| Fluoride on the outermost surfaces of the tooth is available (to do what?)... Uptake is most rapid during the... | show 🗑
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| What part of the tooth has the highest concentration of fluoride | show 🗑
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| What enamel will absorb fluoride better? | show 🗑
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| Dentin and Fluoride Content: concentration higher in... what dentin absorbs fluoride rapidly | show 🗑
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| show | Cementum
*level high and increases with age
(recession)
root surface is exposed to sources containing fluoride
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| Plaque may contain how much fluoride | show 🗑
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| show | Saliva is a reservoir for fluoride
concentrations vary
dependent on
concentration and frequency of fluoride product used
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| show | fluoride levels as low as 0.04 ppm
enough to produce beneficial anti-caries effect through remineralization.
beneficial levels can be sustained for as long as 2 to 6 hours depending on the product used and the individual
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| show | *Demin &reminer process*Inhibits theway cariogenc bactria metablze carbohydrts:
-inhibts enzymeenolase,bacteria need4metabolsm ofcarbohdrts
-inhibts acidprodctn
(low concntrtns offl cnstntly present s.mutans producs<acid)
*high concentratns canbebactr
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| show | 1)Systemically
*fluoridated water and beverages
*food
*supplements
*inadvertent means
2) Topically
*OTC products
*professionally applied products
*systemic sources
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| show | Pre-eruption effect:
*fluorapatite produced is less soluble than hydroxyapatite.
*improves the quality of the mineralized tooth structures.
*fluorosis can occur during the pre-eruptive, mineralization stage
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| Systemic Fluoride, post-eruption effect | show 🗑
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| Fluoridation, protection/risk | show 🗑
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| Whose research resulted in use of term "dental fluorosis" | show 🗑
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| Dr. H.T. Dean determined determined optimal level of fluoride necessary to prevent/reduce decay without causing fluorosis | show 🗑
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| show | 1945, long term fluoridation study
Grand Rapids, MI and Newburg, NY fluoridatd; control cities – not fluoridated. Baseline info gathered &study continued over years;
results showed a signif reductn in the fluoridated communities as well as safety
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| show | In 2011, the US Department of Health and Social Services updated their recommendations for the optimal concentration of water fluoridation
.7 ppm for all communities; the range (colder/warmer climate) was eliminated
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| Fluoride, Dietary Supplements, Assess Needs: | show 🗑
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| Fluoride, Prenatal Supplements | show 🗑
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| show | Recommended by WHO as one alternative to fluoridated water to target underprivileged populations
supplies about 1/2 to 1/3 of amount of fluoride ingested daily from 1 ppm fluoridated water
*reduced incidence in caries in users of fluoridated salt;
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| show | Bottled Water
usually does not contain optimal fluoride unless has a label indicating it is fluoridated
fill water bottle from fluoridated water supply
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| show | Water filters
remove fluoride
reverse osmosis and water distillation systems
carbon filters with activated alumina
do not remove fluoride
water softeners
maybe
carbon filters on the end of a faucet or pitcher vary in the amount of fluoride removed
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| Fluoride in Infant formula, ADA recommends | show 🗑
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| show | *#of lesions reduced (40-65% if exposed to fl H2O from birth on)
*Rate of caries slowed
*Ant teeth receive more protection than post teeth
*50% decrease in root caries in people lifelong residents of fl community;
*Less tooth loss due to decay
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| Dental fluorosis, describe | show 🗑
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| Varying degrees of fluorosis: | show 🗑
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| show | Tan to dark brown staining
due to post-eruptive intake of exogenous stain
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| Timing of Dental Fluorosis; permanent dentition susceptible... central incisors susceptible... | show 🗑
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| Treatment of dental fluorosis | show 🗑
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| Fluoridation Controversy, From an anti-fluoridationist point of view, fluoride.. | show 🗑
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| show | By direct contact on exposed tooth surfaces:
*prof applied(foams/gels/varnish/ rinses)
*self-applied OTC products (TP, rinses)
*self-applied Rx products(pastes, rinses)
*indrctly via
dent plaque &saliva
fl products passing overteeth as they areswal
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| Fluoride uptake greatest | show 🗑
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| application of F to sound, fully maturated enamel results in... | show 🗑
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| Topical Fluoride Applications: Indications for professional application of high-concentration fluoride. (Low/moderate/high caries risks) | show 🗑
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| show | *Age
*% Of sites with gingival recession
*Retention of natural teeth (increased risk of exposed root surfaces)
*Poor oral hygiene
*Failure to visit dentist within 12 months
*History of coronal caries
*Minimum fluoride exposure
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| Fluoride, Professional Application; Forms generally available for professional application: | show 🗑
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| Fluoride mouthrinses CI in | show 🗑
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| show | Categorized as
*low potency/high frequency
OTC
*high potency/low frequency
RX
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| show | Children under 6 should not use F rinses
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| Fluoride Safety: Certainly Lethal Dose: | show 🗑
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| show | May begin within 30 minutes of ingestion and last for as long as 24 hours
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| show | Fluoride acts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form hydrofluoric acid
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
abdominal pain
increased salivation and thirst
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Created by:
EdmondDantes