Chapters 4,5 and 6
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| Omega-6 fatty acid | margarine made from corn or safflower oil
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| Highest amount of saturated fat | butter
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| Hydrogenation | The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid and creating a more solid fat
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| Health problem assocaited with high intakes of fat replacers | gastrointestinal distress
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| triglyceride is comprised of | 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
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| Excellent source of unsaturated fat | nut and nut butters
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| Sterols | A sex hormone and adrenal hormone are substances derived form this lipid
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| 225 kilocalories | are potentially provided by 25 grams of fat
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| Olive oil and cashew nuts | rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acid
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| A key structural componant of a cells membrane | phospholipids
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| These organs assist in the digestion of lipids | liver, gallbladdar, and pancreas
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| Major classes of dietary lipids | triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids
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| fatty acid that contains a chain of ten carbons and one double bond is termed a fatty acid | monosaturated, medium chain
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| function of fat in the human body | fats assist transport of fat-soluble vitamins, maintains integridy of cell membranes and provides insuation to help retain body heat
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| Saturated Fat | Solid at room tempurature
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| Two essential fatty acids | alpha-linolenic and linolenic
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| the vast majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in | small intestine
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| to facilitate the digestions of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as this | biile
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| Majority of triglycerides are stored here for future energy needs | adipose tissue
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| Saturated fats are | found in whole milk and beef
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| researchers found the strong association with dietary fat intake and | prostate cancer
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| major form of fat in both food and body | triglycerides
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| Fatty acids | created during the hydogenation process
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| chylomicron | a lipoprotein transports dietary fat out of the small intestines
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| medium chain fattty acids are | 6-12 carbon atoms in length
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| Fructose and glucose, bonded together form | table sugar
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| insoluble fiber consumption is associated with | decreased blood cholesterol levels
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| Preferred fuels for most body functions | carbohydrates and fats
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| Carbohydrates contain | carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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| hormone released when blood sugar is too high | insulin
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| Complex carbohydrates refer to | polysaccarides
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| disaccharide is formed by chemical bonding of | two monosacharides
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| pectins | an example of a soluble fiber
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| (RDA) od carbohydrates for an adult | 130 grams
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| a technique by athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen | carbohydrate loading
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| glycemic index | extent to which a given food raises blood glucose and insulin
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| insulin | hormone responsible for moving glucose into the bodys cells after a meal
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| this carbohydrate is the end product of photosynthesis | glucose
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| Fructose | known as levulose
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| insulin is synthesized and released by this | pancreas
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| Cellulose | insoluble fiber that provides the main structural component of plant cell wall
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| saccharine | artificaial sweetmer that was almost banned because of relationship with bladder cancer
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| glucose | major monosaccaride found in the body
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| enrichd food | nutrients in the food were lost during the process and then added back in
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| a lower fiber diet is associated with an increased risk of developing | diverticulosis
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| liver and muscles | major storage sites for glycogen
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| glycogen | the storage form of glucose in animals found in the liver and skeletal muscle
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| The process through which mRNA copies genetic information from DNA and carries it to the ribisome | transcription
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| proteins differ from carbs because | proteins cintain nitogen
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| this strucure refers to the twisting, spiral shape formed by the sequence and chemical properties of its amino acids | proteins secondary structure
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| most protein from this plannt source | soybean
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| major functions of protein in the human body | maintaining fluid balance, growth and maintenence of new tissue and synthesis of hormones
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| egg whites stiffen when they are whipped, this change that occurs in the protein is called | denaturation
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| part of amino acid molecule | central carbon, amine group, and an acid group
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| amine group | protein molecule that carries nitrogen
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| dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by the body | DNA inside the nucleus of the cell
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| conduction of nerve signals and contraction of muscles depends on the proper balance of | electrolytes
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| polypeptides | string of more than 10 amino acids
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| mutual supplementation | process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein
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| protein thats fundamental to the nervous system | antibodies
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| translation | the process of protein synthesis which the messenger RNA is decoded into an amino acid sequence at the cells ribosome
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| nitrogen | is what differs protein different from fat
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| significant chemical digestion of protein begins in | stomach
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| struture of the mammalian cell are proteins synthesized | ribosome
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| source of complete protein | chicken
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| a complete protein contains | all 9 amino acids
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| absorption of proteins occurs | small intestine
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