9th Grade National Latin Exam focused on History
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| 753 - 715 B.C. Regal Period - Monarch | Romulus founds city and creates Senate
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| 715 - 673 B.C. Regal Period - Monarch | Numa Pompilius (Peace - loving; religious and legal institutions)
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| 673 - 641 B.C. Regal Period - Monarch | Tullus Hostilius (Strong military leader; conquers Alba Longa)
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| 641 - 616 B.C. Regal Period - Monarch | Ancus Marcius (First bridge across Tiber; founds Ostia)
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| 616 - 579 B.C. Regal Period - Monarch | L. Tarquinius Priscus (Etruscan; begins construction of the Capitolium; lays out Circus Maximus; drains valleys of Rome)
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| 579 - 534 B.C. Regal Period - Monarch | Servius Tullius (Etruscan; Servian Wall; new constitution)
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| 534 - 509 B.C. Regal Period - Monarch | L. Tarquinius Superbus (Etruscan; completes Capitolium; overbearing; he is expelled; attempt to recapture Rome fails)
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| 509 B.C. | Foundation of the Republic
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| 494 B.C. Republic | Creation of the office of tribune to protect the plebs
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| 493 B.C. Republic | Rome joins the Latin League
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| 480 - 396 B.C. Republic | Wars against neighbors - Volscian War, attacks on Veii and the Aequi
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| 449 B.C. Republic | Roman law is codified in the Twelve Tables
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| 390 B.C. Republic | Celtic invasion of Italy reaches Rome; Rome sacked
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| 343 - 290 B.C. Republic | Wars against the Samnites. Rome now dominates central Italy
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| 282 - 275 B.C. Republic | Rome defends southern Italy against Greek Pyrrhus; following the war with Pyrrhus, Rome becomes the undisputed leader of southern Italy
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| 264 - 241 B.C. Republic | First Punic War against Carthaginians. Rome becomes a maritime power.
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| 237 - 219 B.C. Republic | The Carthaginians conquer Spain and found New Carthage.
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| 218 - 202 B.C. Republic | The Second Punic War. Hannibal crosses the Alps. After long guerrilla warfare, Hannibal leaves Italy; Rome is triumphant.
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| 200 - 146 B.C. Republic | Wars against the Macedonians in the east, and the destruction of Corinth.
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| 149 - 146 B.C. Republic | The Third Punic War and the destruction of Carthage.
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| 133 - 122 B.C. Late Republic | The Gracchi brothers (Tiberius and Gaius) carry out land reforms.Kingdom of Pergamum is bequeathed to Rome.
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| 112 - 98 B.C. Late Republic | Rise of Marius (novus homo): army reforms; Marius holds 6 consulships in 8 years
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| 90 - 88 B.C. Late Republic | Social War (allies in Italy striving for citizenship)
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| 88 - 82 B.C. Late Republic | Battle for power between Marius and Sulla
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| 82 - 79 B.C. Late Republic | Dictatorship of Sulla (strong support for Senate)
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| 70 B.C. Late Republic | Consulship of Pompey and Crassus
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| 63 B.C. Late Republic | Consulship of Cicero and the quelling of the Catilinarian conspiracy
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| 60 B.C. Late Republic | Formation of the "First Triumvirate"
Pompey, Caesar and Crassus
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| 58 - 51 B.C. Late Republic | Caesar's conquest of Gaul
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| 56 B.C. Late Republic | Conference at Luca (terms of the "First Triumvirate" extended)
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| 53 B.C. Late Republic | Defeat and death of Crassus at Carrhae (in Asia Minor)
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| 52 B.C. Late Republic | Pompey sole consul
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| 48 - 44 B.C. Late Republic | Caesar's dictatorship (3 stages: 48 - 47; 46 = granted for 10 years; January 44 = granted for life)
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| 44 B.C. Late Republic | Assassination of Caesar. Ides of March.
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| 44 - 30 B.C. Late Republic | Civil War (Second Triumvirate [Octavian, Antony , Lepidus]; alliance and strife between Octavian and Antony
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| 31 B.C. Late Republic | Battle of Actium
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| 30 B.C. Late Republic | Death of Antony
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| 27 B.C. Late Republic | Octavian given title "Augustus"
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| 27 B.C. - 14 A.D. Empire | Principate of Augustus
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| 14 - 37 A.D. Empire | Principate of Tiberius
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| 37 - 41 A.D. Empire | Principate of Caligula
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| 41 - 54 A.D. Empire | Principate of Claudius
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| 54 - 68 A.D. Empire | Principate of Nero
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| 68 - 69 A.D. Empire | Year of the Four Emperors (Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian)
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| 69 - 79 A.D. Empire | Principate of Vespasian
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| 79 - 81 A.D. Empire | Principate of Titus
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| 81 - 96 A.D. Empire | Principate of Domitian
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| 96 A.D. Empire | Accession of Nerva
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| Aeneas | Trojan leader and reputed ancestor of the Romans.
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| Augustus | (Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus)
Grandnephew and adopted son of Caesar
Brought and end to civil ears of first century B.C. and started beginnings of Principate form of government.
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| Brutus | Rome's first consul in 509 B.C.
Known for heroic devotion to duty by putting his own sons to death for plotting treason
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| Cato the Elder | Roman censor famed for his frugality, self-sacrifice, and devotion to duty. Lived in second century B.C.
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| Cincinnatus | Roman farmer-patriot who was called from his farm to lead a Roman army.
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| Decius Mus | Roman consul and general who brought victory to Romans by rushing into the midst of the enemy and sacrificed his life. (4th Century B.C.)
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| Battles of Trasimene, Cannae, and Zama | Battles that the Romans fought against the Carthaginians.
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| Delivered Julius Caesar's funeral oration | Marcus Antonius
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| Emperor blamed for the great fire of Rome in 64 A.D. Also built the Domus Aurea | Nero
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| 510 B.C. Responsible for the expulsion of Rome's last king and the establishment of the Republic | Brutus and Collatinus
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| Emperor that moved the capitol of the Empire to Byzantium and renamed the city after himself | Constantine
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| A Roman could learn about Lucretia, Livia, and Cornelia | By reading Livy's "From the Founding of the City"
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| Five Roman armies were defeated by a force of slaves led by | The escaped gladiator Spartacus
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| Scipio Africanus the Elder is best known for doing this | Defeating Hannibal
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Shinigami156