6th. Science ch,3
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| Within the dull-colored rocks that cover the earth lie small deposits of igneous and metamorphic crystals called __________ | gemstones
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| When cut and polished crystals gain a brilliance that can last for centuries. Because of their beauty,cut gemstones, or _____,have been used as a symbol of wealth and power by rulers in almost every civilization. | gems
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| The rarest, most durable and beautiful gems are considered ______ ______ | precious stones
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| The _______, which is hard, crystalline form of carbon, is the hardest of all known minerals. | diamond
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| What is one important fact about the diamond? | it is the hardest of all known minerals
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| Most diamonds used as gems,are mined from minerals deposits in Brazil, India, and South Africa. These deposits are usually found in deep tubelike formations known as _________ ________ that appear to be the clogged vents of extinct volcanoes. | diamond pipes
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| Although the common, opaque(not transparent) form of the minerals _________,also called emery, is not particularly valuable,two colored forms of corundum are highly valued as precious stones. | corundum (ku run dum)
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| When pure corundum contains traces of the metal ______,the resulting transparent red stone is called ruby. | chromium
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| When pure corundum contains traces of the metal chromium,the resulting transparent red stone is called _______. | ruby
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| When corundum contains traces of _______ or _______ instead of chromium, it may have a blue,yellow,orange,or even purple color and is known as sapphire. | iron and titanium(ti ta ne um)
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| When corundum contains traces of iron or titanium(ti ta ne um) instead of chromium, it may have a blue,yellow,orange,or even purple color and is known as ________. | sapphire
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| Different forms of the mineral ______ are also priced as gems. | beryl
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| The most famous form of beryl is the deep green _________. | emerald
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| Gems that are not rare or as durable as precious stones are called ______ ______ | semiprecious stones
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| The most famous form of beryl is the deep green emerald. The beautiful green color results from traces of ______. | chromium
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| One semiprecious stone commonly confused with ruby is ______ ______ | red spinel (spi nel)
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| One famous red spinel, known as the "_____ ______ ________," is the central stone in the British Imperial State Crown | "Black Prince's Ruby"
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| Other beautiful semiprecious stones include? Name 7. | 1.purple amethyst ,
2.green yellow,or blue zircon
3.multi-colored tourmaline(toor mu lin),
4.deep blue lapis lazuli(lap is laz u le),
5.blue-green turquoise,
6.milky gray chalcedony kal sed 'n e),and
7.green jade
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| 1.deep blue lapis lazuli (lap is laz u le), 2.blue-green turquoise, 3.milky gray chalcedony (kal sed 'n e),and 4.green jade What are special about these 4 stones. | they have been favorites of craftsmen who have used them throughout history to carve objects of lasting beauty
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| Among many minerals in rocks are _______ such as gold,silver,copper,iron,and aluminum | metals
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| Among many minerals in rocks are metals such_______, ________ ,_________,_________,__________ _________ | gold,silver,copper,iron,and aluminum
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| Metals, in their natural state, are mixed with other minerals. Any rock containing a metal together with ________ is called an ore. Pure metal is obtained by mining an ore and then by removing the _______ by heat or chemical processes. | impurities and impurities
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| Metals, in their natural state, are mixed with other minerals. Any rock containing a metal together with impurities is called an ____. Pure metal is obtained by mining an _____ and then by removing the impurities by heat or chemical processes. | ore and ore
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| Like ________ stones, ________ ________ are known for their durability,rarity,and beauty | precious and precious metals
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| What are precious metals known for? (3 things) | their durability,rarity,and beauty
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| The precious metal _______ has been valued by man since earliest times (see Gen.2:12) ______ is often mixed with other metals- such as silver,nickle,platinum,or copper-which increases its strength or alter its color | gold and gold
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| Although the precious metal _________ has been known since ancient times, it was only the 1700s that it was discovered by Europeans. | platinum(plat i num)
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| Although the precious metal platinum(plat i num) has been known since ancient times, it was only the ______ that it was discovered by ________. | 1700s and Europeans
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| In recent years, ____________ has become much more expensive than _______ because of its rarity and its many uses | platinum(plat i num) and gold
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| _______,another precious metal,has been used for centuries to make jewelry,fancy trays,silverware, and other items that display its lustrous beauty | Silver
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| Silver has been used to make what? (3 things) | jewelry,fancy trays,silverware, and other items that display its lustrous beauty
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| One very practical metal,______,has been fashioned into weapons and tools for thousands of years. | iron
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| Because it is strongly abundantly available, iron(steel)is ______ _______ _______ ________ ______ | the most commonly used metal
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| Some of these iron products are made of ______ ______, | cast iron
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| However,most iron products are in the form of _______,an alloy (al oi: mixture of metals) of iron and carbon. | steel
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| A rust-resistant type of steel called ________ __________ is an alloy (al oi: mixture of metals) of iron,chromium,and nickle. | stainless steel
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| What is a alloy(al oi)? | mixture of metals
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| _______,the reddish-orange metal that covers a penny,is a good conductor of electricity and is easy to shape into thin strands. | Copper
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| Two alloys containing copper are _______ (made of copper and zinc) and ______(made from copper and tin). | brass and bronze
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| Two alloys containing copper are brass (made of _______ _______ _______) and bronze(made from _______ _______ _______). | copper and zinc;copper and tin
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| An important substitute for steel and copper is a silver-colored metal known as ________. | aluminum
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| Other important metals include _______,an ingredient in stainless steel and rechargeable batteries;_______,used to make batteries and to protect steel from rusting;and ________,used as a fuel for nuclear power plants,naval ships,and submarines. | nickle,zinc,and uranium
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| What are three precious metals? | gold,silver,and platinum
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