chapters 1-8
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| show | are generally fine-grained?
are quite often vesicular?
form at Earth's surface? none of these
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| show | false
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| Quartz is quite resistant to weathering and is an important component of sands in riverbeds and on beaches. | show 🗑
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| ________ is a strong, parallel alignment of different mineral bands in a metamorphic rock. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Glassy igneous rocks form when magma cools so slowly that mineral crystals cannot grow. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | decreases
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| show | True
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| All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number. | show 🗑
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| show | Color
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| Which the following denotes the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus? | show 🗑
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| Atoms of the same element, zinc for example, have the same number of ________. | show 🗑
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| Select the coarse-grained rock which is composed mainly of quartz and potassium feldspar from the list below. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Sedimentary rocks ________. | show 🗑
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| show | mineral content, climate, and topography. all of these
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| Detrital sediments would predominate in all of the following environments except ________. | show 🗑
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| show | ions
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| The texture of an igneous rock ________. | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen
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| Metamorphism may result from ________. | show 🗑
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| show | limestone
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| Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons. | show 🗑
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| Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) primarily on the basis of ________. | show 🗑
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| show | rhyolite
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| In the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron there are more silicon atoms than oxygen atoms. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following minerals is a silicate? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following best describes bedded gypsum and rock salt? | show 🗑
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| show | 4 oxygen ions
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| Which pair of minerals is most common in detrital sedimentary rocks? | show 🗑
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| Which one of the following is NOT true about mechanical weathering? | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| Which one of the following is not true for minerals? | show 🗑
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| An atom's mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in its nucleus? | show 🗑
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| All silicate minerals contain which two elements? | show 🗑
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| show | hardness
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| show | Carbon
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| show | silicates
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| This igneous texture is characterized by two distinctively different crystal sizes. | show 🗑
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| show | heat
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| All minerals exhibit cleavage. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Metamorphism is commonly associated with mountain building. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is correct for isotopes of the same element? | show 🗑
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| show | cleavage
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| show | a boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above
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| show | True
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| show | Kettle
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| The transfer of rock material down slope under the influence of gravity is termed ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Calcium carbonate dissolving in soil water and groundwater
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| show | False
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| Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | Outwash plain
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| show | Ground moraine
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| show | Radial
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| At the head of a delta, the major channel splits into smaller channels that follow different paths to the sea. These smaller channels are known as ________. | show 🗑
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| The controlling force of mass wasting is ________. | show 🗑
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| A cirque represents an erosional feature formed in what was an important accumulation zone for snow and ice at the upstream head of a glacier. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | when the well penetrates the aquifer, the water rises in the well to the bottom of the overlying aquitard
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| Which of the following features characterize wide streams and valleys? | show 🗑
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| show | running water
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| show | False
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| show | False
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| show | Suspended load
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| Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| If you were to examine the longitudinal profile of a typical river, you would probably find that the gradient is ________. | show 🗑
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| Loess consists mainly of silt-sized particles. | show 🗑
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| show | Basal slip
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| Drumlins are ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Rapids and lots of whitewater
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| show | True
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| Desert pavement is the result of ________. | show 🗑
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| As its name implies, the water table is always very level (flat). | show 🗑
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| A(n) ________ is likely to host a waterfall or steep rapids today. | show 🗑
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| show | exist only in the Northern Hemisphere
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| show | True
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| Steppes are the driest of the true desert lands. | show 🗑
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| When water is pumped from a well, a depression is often produced in the water table. Such a depression is a(n) ________. | show 🗑
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| show | accumulation exceeds wastage
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| show | on the outside of the bend
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| Desert and steppe lands cover about what percentage of Earth's land area? | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | esker
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| A ________ cross-valley profile is typical of canyons and valleys eroded and deepened by alpine or valley glaciers. | show 🗑
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| The term "drift" ________. | show 🗑
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| show | drowned glacial trough
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| Which of the following best describes how geysers erupt? | show 🗑
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| show | Fall, slide, flow, all of these.
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| show | True
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| show | a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions
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| show | subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries
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| show | True
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| ________ most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| show | a rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate
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| show | tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America
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| show | export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere
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| show | False
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| Pull-apart, rift zones are generally associated with a ________ plate boundary. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| ________ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea. | show 🗑
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| show | Alfred Wegener
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| The rate of seafloor spreading is, on the average, about one meter per year. | show 🗑
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| show | oceanic side of the Aleutian trench
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| show | zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage
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| show | northward movement of India into Eurasia
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| show | Curie point
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| A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ________. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| ________ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic. | show 🗑
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| During various times in the geologic past, the polarity of Earth's magnetic field has been reversed. | show 🗑
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| show | identify a mechanism capable of moving continents
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| In a ________ fault, the hanging wall block moves up with respect to the footwall block. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | dome
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| Which of the following combinations should favor folding rather than faulting? | show 🗑
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| Approximately how much more energy is released in a 6.5 Richter magnitude earthquake than in one with magnitude 5.5? | show 🗑
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| The asthenosphere is located ________. | show 🗑
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| Which one of the following statements about the crust is NOT true? | show 🗑
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| Oceanic crust is generally thicker than continental crust. | show 🗑
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| The ________ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage. | show 🗑
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| The lithosphere is defined as ________. | show 🗑
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| Basin and range topography, like that in the western and southwestern United States, indicates that compressive folding is active today or was active very recently, geologically speaking. | show 🗑
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| show | San Andreas strike-slip fault
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| show | cooler temperatures
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| show | I to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake
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| show | seismogram
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| show | surface waves
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| show | True
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| show | Basins
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| Accretionary wedges develop along subduction zones where sediments and other rocks are scraped off a descending plate and piled against the leading edge of the overriding plate. | show 🗑
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| In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block. | show 🗑
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| The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is based on the ________. | show 🗑
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| A horst is ________. | show 🗑
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| show | elastic rebound
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| show | seismic waves
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| show | western margin of North America
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| A ________ volcano is a very large, gently sloping mound composed mainly of basaltic lava flows. | show 🗑
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| A ________ is a near surface, intrusive, igneous rock body that results from local inflation of a horizontal sill. | show 🗑
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| ________ destroyed the city of St. Pierre, Martinique in 1902. | show 🗑
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| ________is a major dissolved constituent in both magmas and volcanic gasses. | show 🗑
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| The active Hawaiian volcanoes are situated directly above a major boundary between two of the Earth's largest tectonic plates. | show 🗑
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| show | basaltic in composition
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| show | True
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| The recent (geologically) volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is ________. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is associated with deep mantle hot spots? | show 🗑
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| show | basaltic shield volcanoes
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| show | caldera collapse followed major ash and pyroclastic-flow eruptions; 7000 years ago
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| show | batholith
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| show | True
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| The most violent volcanic activity is associated with ________. | show 🗑
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| show | cinder cone
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| In general, cinder cones are much larger than shield volcanoes. | show 🗑
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| Most of the stratovolcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ________. | show 🗑
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| Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface? | show 🗑
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| ________ tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements best describes the big Hawaiian volcanoes? | show 🗑
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| Small amounts of water can lower partial melting temperatures in silicate rocks. | show 🗑
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| show | aa
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| show | Shield volcano
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| show | True
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| show | An angular unconformity
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| show | between one-fourth and one-eighth
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| After three half-lives, one-ninth of an original, radioactive, parent isotope remains and eight-ninths has decayed into the daughter isotope. | show 🗑
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| What fundamental concept states that in a horizontal sequence of conformable sedimentary strata, each higher bed is younger than the bed below it? | show 🗑
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| What of the following refers to the investigative process by which geologists identify and match sedimentary strata and other rocks of the same ages in different areas? | show 🗑
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| Correlation of rock units between continents or widely separated areas is accomplished by using physical features such as color, texture, and thickness of units. | show 🗑
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| Sandstone strata and a mass of granite are observed to be in contact. Which of the following statements is correct geologically? | show 🗑
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| show | relative
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| Assume that you have just examined several flat-lying sedimentary layers. After much study you determine that there is a considerable span of time for which no sedimentary rock layer exists at this site. You have just discovered a(n) ________. | show 🗑
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| About 88 percent of geologic time is represented by the time span called the ________. | show 🗑
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| A worm would stand a poor chance of being fossilized because ________. | show 🗑
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| show | surface of erosion separating younger strata above from older strata below
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| show | between l and 2
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| show | beds l and 3 are older than bed 4
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| The ________ is the idea or concept that ancient life forms succeeded each other in a definite, evolutionary pattern and that the contained assemblage of fossils can determine geologic ages of strata? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| show | C-14
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| show | 4.5 billion years
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| show | the feldspar and quartz contents of a granite
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| show | the organism only lived for a short period of geologic time
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| The geologic time scale was devised before numerical dating using radioactivity was invented. | show 🗑
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| When a radioactive isotope decays by electron capture, the electron ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Hutton
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| Which of the following describes radioactive decay by beta particle emission? | show 🗑
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