final exam, bv, lymphatic system
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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show | external iliac artery
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femoral artery | show 🗑
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show | upper medial portion of thigh, where the femoral artery is papated, can be pressed oto control bleeding, obtain blood samples
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show | femoral artery (hospital blood gas testing can occur here)
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deep femomral artery | show 🗑
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blood gas analysis | show 🗑
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popliteal region | show 🗑
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show | dorsal pedal artery, most distal location on body to feel arterial pulse (evaluate effectiveness of a circulatory system)
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show | dorsal pedal artery
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longest vein in human body | show 🗑
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samll saphenous vein drains the ____ of the crural region and empties into the ____ behind the knee | show 🗑
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show | medial
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show | use as vascular graft material fro applications elsewehre in body (
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show | opposite counterparts for the arteries that have the same name ( example- teh ant and post tibial veins drain into the pop vein behind the knee)
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blood low in ___ is puped from the right vent into teh _____ and then into the ______, which deliver the blood to the _____ | show 🗑
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in the pulmonary capillaries what occurs | show 🗑
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show | four pulmonary veins (2 left, and 2 right) deliver the o2 blood to lft atrium
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princess diana died as a result of one of her | show 🗑
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show | rght hrt, pulmon art and pul veins, LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
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show | form near wher ethe abdominal aorta branche into the left and right common iliac arteries, more common as person ages
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atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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atherosclerosis is believed to be triggered by | show 🗑
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the fetal circulation is different from an adult because of the blood flow to and from the | show 🗑
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in an adult herat the pressure is highest on teh lft and lower on the ____, the pressure differential is opposite in _____ | show 🗑
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show | rooted in the mother's uterine wall, blood travels betweent eh placenta nad the dev fetus throug the umbilical cord
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the blood in the umbilical cord is ____ | show 🗑
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the blood in teh mother and baby ____ | show 🗑
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the vessels in the fetal circ are named accordint to their relationship to eh | show 🗑
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show | one, two
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the umbilical vessels are surrounded by | show 🗑
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show | greater pressure,, resistance in flow to the lungs (not functional), input from teh umbilical vein via the inferior vena cava
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show | lungs, they are nonfunctional
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what color is the umbilical vein? | show 🗑
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two resons pressure on right side of hrt is greater? | show 🗑
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show | umbilical vein
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show | portal sinus (hooks on to hepatic portal vein) and ductus venosus (enters into the inferior vena cava)
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there are three vessels in the fetal circulation that are fully oxygenated, what are they | show 🗑
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show | enter into the inferior vena cava (fetal
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show | joins the hepatic portal vein, fetus
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show | can travel through foramen ovale (right to lft) or it can travel into right ben, tehn pulmon trunk, then directly into the aortic arch via the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
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show | connection between pulmonary trunk and aortic arch (fetal)
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show | umbilical artery, esccape via umbilical cord (poorly oxygenated blood in umb arteries)
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when a baby takes its first breath what occurs? | show 🗑
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show | reduction in pressure in right side of heart
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show | precipitous falling of pressure in lungs
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show | decrease blood flow from inf vena caba after umbilical cord is clamped and easier blood flow throug ht eexpanded lungs. A consequence primumseptum slams shut.
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patent forame ovale | show 🗑
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show | cyanosis "blue baby"
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how can you fix patent foramen ovale | show 🗑
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umbilical arteries turn into | show 🗑
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show | umbilical veins are not functional
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ductus arteriosus | show 🗑
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immediate changes of a fetus | show 🗑
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show | round ligament of liver or ligamentum teres
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show | median umbilical ligaments
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gradual changes of fetus when born | show 🗑
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how many vessels in umbilical stump | show 🗑
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umbilical catheterization can be done to | show 🗑
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what vessel of the threes umbilical vessels would be the best for adding stuff? | show 🗑
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show | infection
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edema | show 🗑
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the lymphatic system is closely interrelated anatomically and physiologically to the _____ | show 🗑
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show | one way
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name two componenets of lymphatic system. | show 🗑
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show | lymph
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the lymphatic system transports | show 🗑
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two ways to drain interstitial fluid? | show 🗑
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interstitial fluid is removed by either the ____ or the _____ | show 🗑
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show | excess fluid in tissues, edema
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lacteals | show 🗑
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where are lacteals found? | show 🗑
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show | edema
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lacteals absorb ____ along the digestive tract | show 🗑
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show | drain insterstitail fluid and drain fat
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show | lymphatic vessels, blood volume levels and prevent interstitial fluid levels from rising out of control
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within the capillary bed, blood presssure forces fluid fromt eh blood into the ______ around the cells | show 🗑
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show | lacteals, blood capillaries
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why does the fat go into the lacteals instead of blood capillaries? | show 🗑
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in lyphatic fluid what is located there? | show 🗑
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show | T cells and B cells
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show | thymus dependent cells
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show | make antiboties
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show | T and B cells
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show | blood volume levels drop precipitously and body tissues would swell (edema)
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most of the interstitial fluid is reabsorbed at the venous end of the ____, but an excess of about ____ of fluid per day remains in the interstitial spaces | show 🗑
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show | lymphocytes
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although most nutrients are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, some larger material such as ______ are unable to enter the ____ directly from the ______. | show 🗑
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show | larger lymphatic vessels and eventually into the bloodstream
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show | bloodstream, lymphatic structures and organs
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show | lymphocyte maturation, lymphocyte replication (mitosis)
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show | lymphatic system, lymphocyte population
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lymphatic structure contain ______ | show 🗑
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show | constantly monitoring the blood and interst fluid for foreign antigens
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antigens | show 🗑
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if foreign antigens are discovered lymphatic cells initial a ____ | show 🗑
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immune response | show 🗑
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show | bind to and immobilize the foreign or abnormal agent, thus damaging it or identifying it to other elements fo the immune system
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b cells are released directly from the | show 🗑
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show | specific (acquired) immunity
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show | (blank)
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T cells when stimulated | show 🗑
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when does excess interst fluid or fat from digestive system become lymph? | show 🗑
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the lymph is transported back into the circulatory system via | show 🗑
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smallest vessels in the lymphatic system | show 🗑
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lymphatic capillares | show 🗑
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how is a lymphatic capillary similar to a blood cappillary? | show 🗑
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show | one-way flaps (when int sluid pressure rises, the margins of endothelia cells push into the lymph capillary alumen and allo INT FLUID TO ENTER)
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show | larger in diameter, lack a basement membrane and have overlapping endothelia cells (one-way flaps)
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show | the cell wal lmargin pushes back into place next to the adjacent enothelial cell
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show | lymphatic vessels with one-way valves
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what applies the propulsive force of nearby mvnt of lymph in lymph capi? | show 🗑
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lymph nodes contain | show 🗑
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show | key locations along lymphatic vessels
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show | lymph vessels
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what do lymph vessels resemble? | show 🗑
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what is the function of the lymphatic valves? | show 🗑
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show | skeletal muscles
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show | lymphatic vessels
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lymphatic trunks drain into the largest vessles, called _____ | show 🗑
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lymphatic ducts empty where? | show 🗑
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wher eis the right lymph duct located? | show 🗑
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the right lymphatic duct receives lymph from the lymphatic trunks that drain the? | show 🗑
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thoracic duct | show 🗑
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show | (anterior to eh L2 vertebra) cisterna chyli
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descirbe cisterna chyli | show 🗑
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how does the cisterna chyli get its name? | show 🗑
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the thoracic duct travels | show 🗑
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show | junction of the lft subclavian vein and lft internal jugular vein
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show | flt side of head and neck, lft upper limb, lft thorax, and all body regions inferior to diaphragm (inc. lower limb and right side of abdomen
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show | lymphatic cells and an extracellular connective tissue
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show | clusters of lymphatic cells and connective tissue and are COMPLETELY SURROUNDED BY A CONNECTIVE TISSUE MATRIX
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lymphatic nodules are not surrounded by ____ | show 🗑
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function of lymphatic nodules? | show 🗑
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if I am a globule of fat and I'm absorbed from small intestine from a lacteal, which major vein will I drain into? | show 🗑
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show | metastisis
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show | yes
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in some areas of the body many lymphatic nodule group togethter to form? | show 🗑
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show | int eh mucosal ining of hte gastointestinal, respiratory a, genital and urinary tracts
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as air, food and urine enter their respective tracts the lymphatic cells in the MALT detect? | show 🗑
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show | in mucosa of small intest, primariily in ileum
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show | collections of lymphatic nodules, become quite large and bulge into the gut lumen (small intest ilieum ???)
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show | large clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix are not completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
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describe tonsils | show 🗑
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groups of tonsils found in the pharynx | show 🗑
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phayngeal tonsils | show 🗑
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adenoids are located where? | show 🗑
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show | reduce air flow through nasopharynx when sleeping
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palatine tonsils are located | show 🗑
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show | along the posterior one-third of the tongue
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lymphatic organ consists of | show 🗑
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thymus | show 🗑
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show | infants and young, puberty, nonfunctional
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show | t-lymphocyte maturation and differentiation
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show | primarily when we are young
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once adult hoood how are differentiated t-cells produced? | show 🗑
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show | small, round or oval strut
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where are lymph nodes found? | show 🗑
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name lymph nodes? | show 🗑
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show | armpit
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show | berast, axill and upper limb
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inguinal lymph are found where? | show 🗑
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inguinal lymph nodes receivve lymph from | show 🗑
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cervical lymph nodes are located whree | show 🗑
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show | the head and neck
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in addition to clusters of lymph nodes they are also found ____ throughout the body | show 🗑
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primary function of lymph node | show 🗑
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show | often swollen and tender to touch
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show | lymphocytes are proliferating and attempting to control the spread of infection
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cancerous cells can metatstisize through blood and lymph and become entrapped in the ___- | show 🗑
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show | firm and nontener, the cancerous cells proliferate (increase in number) and contribute to enlarged lymph nodes
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if a person is diagnosed with cancer what is examined to see if the cancer has spread? | show 🗑
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show | lymphatic structures themselves
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largest lymphatic organ in the body? | show 🗑
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wher eis the spleen located? | show 🗑
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show | kidney, stomach
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show | size and weight
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diaphragmatic surface | show 🗑
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show | convex and rounded
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visceral surface of spleen | show 🗑
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show | hilum, where bv and nerves enter and leave the spleen
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show | arises from celiac trunk, delivers blood to the spleen
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splenic vein | show 🗑
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show | tail of pancreas (soft lobular organ often obscured by intestinal mesentery)
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spleen in surrounded by a | show 🗑
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as blood flows throug the spleen _________ monitor the blood for antigens na dwill elicit an ___ if they are found | show 🗑
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show | 1. elicit immune response, and 2. serve as a blood reservoir (where formed elements are stored)
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in situations where more ___ and ___ are needed such as during exercise, these erythrocytes reenter the blooodstream. (from reservoir of spleen) | show 🗑
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sever trauma to the spleen results in | show 🗑
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what is the function of the macrophages of the spleen? | show 🗑
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the ____ and ____ ability to provide immunity and fight disease decreases as we get older. | show 🗑
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what ia one reason why the elderly tend to be more prone to developing cancers? | show 🗑
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kimberlywar