chapters 1-7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard have six children aged 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, and 16. The mean age of the Hubbard children is | show 🗑
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| Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between -?- | show 🗑
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| show | naturalistic observation; experimentation
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| Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of -?- | show 🗑
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| Which of the following scientific procedures is most useful for helping researchers avoid false generalizations? | show 🗑
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| In an effort to rpevent participants in an experiment from trying to confirm the researchers' predictions, psychologists sometimes | show 🗑
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| show | the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying.
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| show | experimentation
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| show | independent
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| show | active processing of the material.
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| In a written report of their research, psychologists specify exactly how anxiety is assessed, thus providing their readers with a(n) -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | which experimental treatment, if any, they are receiving.
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| The mental health specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a(n) -?- | show 🗑
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| A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates | show 🗑
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| show | brain fluid and "animal spirits"
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| Correlational research is most useful for purposes of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | the case study
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| In an experimental study, men with symptoms of impotence received either Viagra or a placebo. Those who received Viagra participated in the -?- condition. | show 🗑
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| Whoh would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior?" | show 🗑
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| If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of elementary school students is +.85, this would indicate that | show 🗑
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| show | biological
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| To infer accurately cause and effect, experimenters should use | show 🗑
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| show | clinical
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| Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of relationship between two variables? | show 🗑
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| show | The mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies.
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| show | Aristotle
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| show | negatively correlated
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| Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite result is an easy way to demontrate the impact of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | Sigmund Freud
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| Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | laboratory research
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| show | evolutionary
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| show | control
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| show | biopsychosocial
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| Mr. Bullock uses his knowledge of a person's cognitive processes to design computer programs that are easier to use. Mr. Bullock is most likely a(n) -?- psychologist. | show 🗑
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| The most frequently occurring score in a distribution of scores is the -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | the perception of a relationship between two variables that does NOT actually exist.
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| For Plato, people in a state of conjecture mistake images for reality. ("What you see may not be real.") This way of thinking weakens which of the characteristics of a science? | show 🗑
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| If those who watch a lot of TV violence are also particularly likely to behave aggressively, this would not necessarily indicate that watching TV violence influences aggressive behavior because | show 🗑
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| In Wilhelm Wundt's experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a sound. By asking participants to examine and rport their conscious experiences, Wundt was making use of which of the following? | show 🗑
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| In the control condition of an experiment the | show 🗑
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| show | the double-blind procedure
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| show | wording effects
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| An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | cognitive neuroscience
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| Dr. Villagomez develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Villagomez's work best represent? | show 🗑
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| The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it | show 🗑
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| The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how | show 🗑
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| show | hypothalamus
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| Direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in | show 🗑
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| show | behavior genetics
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| Until reading this question you were unaware that your shoes are pressing against your feet. This focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention, illustrates that | show 🗑
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| Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into -?-. | show 🗑
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| Sleep researchers who are interested in brain wave activity are likely to use which kind of brain scan? | show 🗑
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| show | corpus callosum
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| Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia? | show 🗑
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| show | genes
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| French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the | show 🗑
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| show | natural selection
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| show | axon
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| What is the main difference between an MRI scan and an fMRI scan? | show 🗑
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| show | a single egg cell by a single sperm cell
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| The function of dendrites is to | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories? | show 🗑
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| For you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, -?- must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system. | show 🗑
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| show | genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get.
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| show | MRI
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| show | As sleep progresses, Stage 3 and Stage 4 sleep diminish while REM sleep increases.
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| At 3 o'clock in the morning, Greg has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | hypothalamus
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| show | thalamus
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| The surgical removal of a large tumor from Homer's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Homer is most likely to suffer from some loss of | show 🗑
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| show | biological psychology
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| show | motor neurons
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| show | People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer.
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| show | women prefer men who express interest in caring for joint offspring
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| When people discuss the "nature vs. nurture" controversy, Nature refers to -?- and Nurture refers to -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | positron emission tomography (PET)
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| show | biological rhythms
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| show | endorphins
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| The brains of patients with Parkinson's disease have little dopamine. Drugs used to treat such patients bind to dopamine receptors, thereby stimulating those receptors. These drugs would be considered -?-. | show 🗑
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| The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis (MS) involves a degeneration of the -?-. | show 🗑
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| Research on left-handedness suggests that | show 🗑
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| show | more; less
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| The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of -?- sleep. | show 🗑
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| show | synaptic gap
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| show | epinephrine
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| show | Bitter tastes can be an indication of foods toxic toward a developing baby, so this preference developed through natural selection.
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| show | hallucinations
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| Adopted children re more likely to demonstrate levels of agreeableness and extraversion, more similar to that of their biological parents than their adoptive parents. This finding suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by -?-. | show 🗑
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| REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because | show 🗑
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| show | circadian rhythm
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| Mr. Van Over insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably | show 🗑
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| show | neural prosthetics
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| While you are hking in the mountains, a rattlesnake slithers across your trail. Which of the following triggers the "fight-or-flight" response, increasing your heart rate and blood pressure, as you run away? | show 🗑
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| Heritability refers to the extent to which -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | left frontal lobe
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| show | religious beliefs; personality traits
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| Although the panda above is not complete, enough is present for the eye to complete the shape. When the viewer's perception completes a shape, -?- occurs. | show 🗑
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| The ability simultaneously to recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile est illustrates | show 🗑
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| As the brain receives information about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells pocess and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects. This process best illustrates -?-. | show 🗑
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| You typically fail consciously to perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | prosopagnosia
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| show | proximity
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| Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds? | show 🗑
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| show | rods and cones
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| Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts? | show 🗑
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| The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the -?- of light. | show 🗑
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| A gestalt is best described as a(n) -?-. | show 🗑
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| Lightness constancy refers to the fact that | show 🗑
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| show | Weber's law
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| Why is transduction important to sensation? | show 🗑
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| show | a critical period exists for normal perceptual development.
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| show | top-down processing
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| show | retinal disparity
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| Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to | show 🗑
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| show | linear perspective
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| If we could stop our eyes from quivering as we stared at a stationary object, the object would probably | show 🗑
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| Color constancy refers to the fact that | show 🗑
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| show | gets larger.
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| What is the purpose of the eardrum? | show 🗑
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| show | activation of nerve fibers in your spinal cord.
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| show | diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
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| show | process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina.
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| show | thalamus
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| After watching a scary television movie, Zuly perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | light and shadow
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| Frequency theory best explains -?-, while place theory best explains -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | are nerve cells in the brain' visual cortex that fire in response to specific edges, lines, and angles.
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| show | shape constancy
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| show | the absolute threshold
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| The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of -?-. | show 🗑
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| Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to | show 🗑
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| show | blindsight
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| show | the phi phenomenon
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| As your teacher dims the lights to show a movie clip, you still perceive your friend's shirt as red. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? | show 🗑
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| A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as -?- is to -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | sensation
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| The cocktail party effect is your ability selectively to attend to one voice among many. This ability also illustrates the Gestalt principle of -?-. | show 🗑
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| Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Robert was still able to play tennis as well as he ever could. This best illustrates the value of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | crawling experience
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| show | inattentional blindness
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| show | unconsciously processed information is unusually persuasive.
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| show | Yong-Helmholtz
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| show | higher; longer
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| show | perceived ditance and perceived size.
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| Almost half the birds in the yard were brown cardinals, and the rest were bright red cardinals, so Emil perceived them as two distinct groups of birds. This best illustrates the principle of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | Primary reinforcers are unlearned and innately satisfying; conditioned reinforcers are learned.
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| Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because | show 🗑
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| Coffee shops that reward customers with one free cup of coffee after every ten coffee purchases are using a -?- reinforcement schedule. | show 🗑
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| An executive works with door closed. every hour he opens the door. employees have learned to work especially hard during the five minutes before and while the door is open. their work pattern is reinforced on a -?- schedule. | show 🗑
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| show | CS; US
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| show | John B. Watson
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| show | repeat behaviors that are rewarded.
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| show | discrimination
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| show | cognitive processes
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| show | spontaneous recovery
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| Like European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews from the Nazis, civil rights activists of the 1960s had parents who | show 🗑
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| B. F. Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's -?-. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction? | show 🗑
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| In which form of learning is behavior said to be influenced by its consequences? | show 🗑
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| show | viewing violence leads children and teenagers to behave agressively.
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| Without any explicit training from adults, many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key to start their parents' cars. This best illustrates the importance of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | continue to ask for a treat nearly every time she goes to the store.
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| show | shortly before the US.
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| Camille loves to read and enjoys looking up the meanings of words she does not know. In school, her teacher promises a gold star to students each time they learn a new word. The teacher's behavior is most likely to undermine -?-. | show 🗑
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| In classical conditioning, the -?- signals the impending occurrence of the -?-. | show 🗑
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| Children often learn to associate pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of a candy bar. This best illustrates the process underlying -?-. | show 🗑
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| What type of learning sometimes occurs after an extended period of thinking about a problem but little or no direct, systematic interaction with the environment? | show 🗑
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| An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then for placing its front paws on the ball, and finally for climbing on the ball. The trainer used the method of -?- | show 🗑
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| Some psychologists believe that rats develop mental representations of mazes they have explored. These representations have been called -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | positive reinforcer
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| Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the -?- | show 🗑
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| A Skinner box is a(n) | show 🗑
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| show | habituation
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| In shaping a dog to "shake," the command "shake" could be the -?-. When the dog slightly moves its paw, this would be a(n) -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | a child who fears dogs after being bitten shows fear when she hears a dog bark
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| show | cognitive processes
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| show | observational learning
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| show | operant conditioning
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| show | instinctive drift
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| Watson and Rayner's study of Little Albert demonstrated how specific fears | show 🗑
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| show | biological predispositions
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| Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that the power of observational learning depends on what? | show 🗑
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| show | shaping
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| show | negative punishment
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| show | modeling
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| show | associative learning
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| show | talk in ways consistent with what the model says and act in ways consistent with what the model does.
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| Which of the following factors most i nfluences whether we will imitate a model? | show 🗑
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| show | discrimination
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| show | classical conditioning
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| Rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with -?-. | show 🗑
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| Researchers condition a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is established and gradually strengthened is called -?-. | show 🗑
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| Elvis wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | He demonstrated how some emotions and behaviors can be learned by classical conditioning.
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| show | survival
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| Brainstorming sessions that encourage people spontaneously to suggest new and unusual solutions to a problem are designed to avoid -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | semantics
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| show | acoustic encoding
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| show | short-term
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| Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of -?-. | show 🗑
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| Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates | show 🗑
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| In the process of classifying objects, people are especially likely to make use of -?-. | show 🗑
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| Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the | show 🗑
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| A European visitor to the United States asked a taxi driver, "Can you please a ride to the airport me give?" This visitor has apparently not yet mastered the -?- of the English language. | show 🗑
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| show | implicit
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| Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus found that | show 🗑
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| We are more likely to remember the words typewriter, cigarette, and fire than the words void, process, and inherent. This best illustrates the value of -?-. | show 🗑
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| Where are explicit memories of newly learned verbal information and visual designs stored? | show 🗑
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| show | rosy retrospection
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| Every day as she walks to school, Jovita passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she does not remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence? | show 🗑
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| It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children | show 🗑
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| show | morpheme.
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| A mental set is a | show 🗑
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| show | semantic encoding
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| Telegraphic speech is | show 🗑
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| show | recognition
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| Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful recollections of the rare occasions in which he had observed his girlfriend flirting with other men. David's experience best illustrates -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | memory trace
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| show | semantic encoding
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| show | prototype; category
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| show | spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combinted to communicate meaning.
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| The smell of freshly baked bread awakened in Mr. Hutz vivid memories of his early childhood. The aroma apparently acted as a powerful -?-. | show 🗑
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| Retroactive interference involves the disruption of -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | insight
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| In trying to figure out how to copy and paste an item into a document, Jessica could try all possible key combinations or she could check the pull-down menus, a much faster way to solve her problem. Jessica is relying on -?-. | show 🗑
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| As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Uzair was thinking about competing in the school talent show later that afternoon. Where are Uzair's current thoughts being processed? | show 🗑
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| The sudden comprehension of the double meaning of a humorous pun best illustrates -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.
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| Memory is best defined as | show 🗑
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| show | an algorithm
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|
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| Rephrasing text materia in your on words is an effective way of facilitating -?-. | show 🗑
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| The components of creativity include | show 🗑
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| Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as -?- is to -?-. | show 🗑
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| The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different -?-. | show 🗑
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| show | explicit memory and implicit memory.
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| Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates -?-. | show 🗑
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| Chomsky's theory of language development suggests that children have an inborn | show 🗑
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| show | LTP provides a neural basis for learning and remembering associations.
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| show | cognitive psychology
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| show | match another person's distinctive mouth movements with the appropriate sounds.
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| show | rehearsal
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| show | statistical learning
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| show | recall
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| show | trial and error
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| Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Ms. Crabapple, a fourth-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Ms. Crabapple's surveillance strategy best illustrates -?-. | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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