Exam 1 Kellogg
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Sample | individuals selected to represent the population
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| Population | all possible individuals which a study may apply to.
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| parameter | numerical value that replaces characteristic of a population
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| Statistic | Numerical value that describes a characteristic of a sample
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| Variable | Characteristic that changes within the same individual or between different individuals
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| Sampling Error | Numeric difference that exists between the statistic and the parameter
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| Nominal | No real quantitative value: Numbers simply replace name
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| Ratio | Has an absolute zero
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| Ordinal | variable has ordered categories that are not equidistant and does not have a point of absolute zero: Order is not equal distance
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| Interval | Variable has ordered numeric categories that are equal but does not have a point of absolute zero
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| Experimental method | cause and effect
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| Correlational (Observational) method | naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables
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| Dependent Variable | measurable/observable for group differences to access the effect of Independent variable
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| Independent variable | variable manipulated (or controlled) by experimenter.
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| Operational definition | defining a variable by manner in which the variable is used or measured.
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| Inferential statistics | procedure used to generalize characteristics of sample to population
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| What two graphs can be used for Ordinal | Bar or Pie graph
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| What two graphs can be used for Nominal | Bar or Pie graph
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| What two graphs can be used for Interval | Freq Poly or Histogram
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| What two graphs can be used for Ratio | Freq Poly or Histogram
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| Constant | Does NOT change from one individual to the next
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| Theory | Set of ideas used to explain the functioning of and making predictions about a relationships or set or relationships
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| Hypothesis | Specific, testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables
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| Experimental control | using random assignment and holding extraneous variables constant
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| Experimental group | receives the treatment level of the independent variable, get some sort of active treatment
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| Control Group | Does NOT receive the treatment of the independent variable: Gets no treatment or placebo
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| Confounding variable | Uncontrolled variable that can systematically vary with independent, masking or enhancing the true effect or the independent variable.
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| Mesokurtic | normal distribution
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| Leptokurtic | Tall and Thin
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| Platykurtic | flat with little elevation
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| Skew | where does the tail extension
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| Kurtosis | odd shape
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| Give examples of Nominal | Number given in place of name: Male/Female
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| Give examples of Ordinal | Order Matters; numbers mean different things: Ranks/Place finishes
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| Give example of Intervals | has both nominal and ordinal scales, but the numbers are equal (2 and 3 is the same distance as 3 is to 4)
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| Give example of Ratio | Has all the characteristics as nominal, ordinal and intervals except it has an absolute zero: Kelvin scale. Zero means Zero
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