Dental Radiography I
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| What is intraoral radiographic examination? | Production of radiographs for the purpose of inspecting the teeth and adjacent anatomical structures;
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| What does intraoral radiographic examination utilize? | It utilizes intraoral image receptors: film, sensors, plate
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| What are the 3 types of the intraoral radiographic examination? | Periapical examination, interproximal examination, occlusal examination;
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| Periapical radiographic examination. What does "periapical" mean? | Captures the image of the entire tooth (including crown and root(s)) and the surrounding bone;
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| What is captured in interproximal examination? | Interproximal examination captures images of the crowns of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in occlusion;
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| Radiographs taken in interproximal examination are named | Bitewings
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| Production of radiographs for the purpose of inspecting the teeth and the adjacent anatomical structures; | Intraoral Radiographic Examination
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| Occlusal examination | provides a broad view of several teeth on the maxilla or mandible;
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| Occlusal examination used for: | Screening; presence and position of permanent teeth;
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| Receptor size used for occlusal examination? | Adult - 4; child - size 2
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| Complete Mouth Radiographic Series, Define | Series of intraoral radiographs that capture images of all of the teeth and the surrounding structures of the mandible and maxilla;
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| How many radiographs in a Complete Mouth Series | 14-20; includes edentulous and dentulous areas
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| VTC Complete Mouth Survey includes what teeth | Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molar and Posterior Bitewings
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| Types of Paralleling Technique; Name Variations | (XCP) Extension Cone Paralleling technique, long-cone technique, right-angle technique
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| Long-cone technique | Target (tungsten target in the tubehead) to receptor distance is increased, resulting in increased definition and less image magnification;
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| Paralleling technique. Definition. | Intraoral Radiographic Technique in which the receptor is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth and the central ray is directed perpendicular to the tooth and receptor;
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| Intraoral radiographic technique, in which the receptor is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth and the central ray is directed perpendicular to the tooth and receptor; | Definition of paralleling technique
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| Parallel, define | moving or lying in the same plane
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| Perpendicular, define | Intersecting lines that form the right angle;
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| Principles of the paralleling technique | *Based on theconcept of prlllsm *Receptor is plcd inthe mouth prllel tothe long axis ofthe tooth*Central ray ofthe x-ray beamis directed perpndclr tothe long axis ofthe tooth andthe receptor*Areceptor holder mustbe used toholdthe film/plate/sensor inplace
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| In paralleling technique receptor must be positioned ... the tooth | away from the tooth; Increased object-receptor distance;
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| Advantages of the paralleling technique | *Forms an image on the receptor w/linear & dimensional accuracy (poss to diagnose & eval caries & height of alveolar bone on all radiographs, not just BW) *Low vertical agnulation (+/- 10 degr) reduces radiation exposure to the thyroid gland & lens of eye
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| Disadvantages of the paralleling technique | some difficulty in placement & increased discomfort for the patient caused by the devices (XCPs) used to hold the receptor parallel to the long axis of the tooth; devices are bulky;
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| Anterior XCP & Posterior XCP include what parts? | Bite block, aiming ring, metal indicator arm
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| Other receptor holding devices | Stabe (styrofoam bite block); Snap-A-Ray
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| Styrofoam bite block known as | Stabe
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| Paralleling technique when taking the X-Ray on the maxilla | Occlusal plane parallel with the floor; *Ala-tragus line parallel w/the floor
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| Paralleling technique when taking the X-Ray of the mandible | occlusal plane parallel w/the floor
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| Horizontal angulation of the X-Ray unit controlled by... | moving the Yoke
Horizontal angulation, "side-to-side"
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| Vertical angulation of the X-Ray unit controlled by | moving the tubehead
vertical angulation "up and down"
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| Cone (PID) Positioning Errors | *Overlapping; *Elongation; *Foreshortening; Cone cutting; * Absence of apical structures; *Dropped receptor corner;
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| Cone (PID) Positioning Errors, Overlapping; WHY, HOW TO AVOID | *Horizontal angulation error; A cotton-tip applicator must be used to open the contacts between the guide teeth;
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| Cone (PID) Positioning Errors, Elongation; WHY, HOW TO AVOID | *Vertical angulation error: vertical angulation is too flat; corrected by increasing the vertical angulation
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| Cone (PID) Positioning Errors, Foreshortening; WHY, HOW TO AVOID | *Vertical angulation error: vertical angulation is to steep; Corrected by decreasing the vertical angulation;
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| Cone (PID) Positioning Errors, Cone cutting; WHY, HOW TO AVOID | *Avoid cone cutting by covering the entire receptor with cone positioning; * The portion of the receptor that is not exposed to x-radiation appears white after receptor processing; *The border can be well-defined or fuzzy;
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| Cone (PID) Positioning Errors, Absence of apical structures; WHY, HOW TO AVOID | Correction: Make sure the pt is biting down on the bite block; Make sure that no more than an 1/8 inch of the receptor extends beyond the occlusal/incisal edges of the teeth;
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| Cone (PID) Positioning Errors, Dropped receptor corner; WHY, HOW TO AVOID | Dropped receptor corner
"Uphill/downhill"; Edge of the receptor not placed parallel to the occlusal/ incisal tooth surfaces; film was placed crooked in the mouth
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| Periapical image of the mandibular premolar, Paralleling technique | Sensitive area, have the pt lift their tongue, tip the receptor away from the tongue;
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| Radiodense | the degree of darkness of an exposed receptor; reference is to the entire receptor
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| Radiolucent | The portion of an exposed receptor that appears dark; *allows more x-rays to reach the receptor: little attenuation (истощение, ослабление, weakening) of the X-ray beam; The less dense the structure -the more radiolucent it is. (Periodontal ligament, etc)
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| Radiopaque | the portion of the exposed receptor that appears light; Dense materials/objects limit the amount of x-rays that reach the receptor: high attenuation (истощение, ослабление, weakening) of the x-ray beam;
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