Photosynthesis
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| autotroph | an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms.
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| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen.
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| heterotroph | an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials.
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| light reactions | the initial reactions in photosynthesis, which are triggered by the absorption of light by photosystems one and two and include the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and oxygen gas, adn the synthesis of ATP
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| lr cont. | through chemiosis
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| chloroplast | an organielle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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| thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contians the components for photosynthesis.
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| granum | a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast (plural, grana)
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| stroma | in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast.
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| pigment | a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color
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| chlorophyll | a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characterisitc green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates.
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| carotenoid | a classs of pigments that are present in the thylakoid membrane of plants and that aid in photosynthesis.
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| primary electron acceptor | in chloroplasts, an acceptor of electrons lost from chlorophyll a; foudn in the thylakoid membrane.
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| electron transport chain | a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochodria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane.
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| chemiosmois | in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a memrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP.
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| Calvin Cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose usign ATP.
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| carbon fixation | the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, such as in photosynthesis
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| stomata | one of the many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural, stomata)
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