lipids n lipoprotein
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| What is the role of lipids in the body? 3(EST) | source of Energy, Stability of cell membrane, transport of essential cellular metabolites.
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| What are the major lipids of the body? 4(TCPG) | Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Phospolipids, Glycolipids.
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| How are lipids transported throughout the body? | in the form of lipoproteins
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| What are fatty acids, and how are they classified? (3) | by the triglycerides and phospholipids: saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated
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| What are the two sources of triglycerides in the body? | Exogenous (diet) and Endogenous (synethesized in the liver)
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| What is a molecule of triglyceride composed of?1_+3_ | one molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
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| How are triglycerides transported throughout the body? (lipoproteins called:__,__.) | chylomicrons, VLDL-->very-low-density liproproteins
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| What is the function of cholesterol in the body? | manufacturing and repair of cell membranes, synthesis of bile acids/vit. D and a precusor of 5 major classes of steroid hormones.
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| What are the 5 major classes of steroid hormones? (P-G-M-A-E) | Progestins, Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids,Androgens and Estrogens
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| What is cholesterol | A steroid. Virtually all cells and body fluids contain some cholesterol.
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| two sources of cholesterol in the body? | Exogenous (diet) Endogenous (synthesized in the liver).
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| function of phospholipids in the body? | cell membrane stability
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| the function of glycolipids in the body? (3)S-R-BT | cell membrane stability, cell recognition and blood typing
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| What are apolipoproteins, and what is their function in the body? | located mostly on the surface of the lipoproteins. They help maintain the structural integrity of lipoproteins and direct the different lipids to the correct target organs and tissues in the body, regulate plasma lipid metabolism.
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| four major classifications of lipoproteins? (C-V-L-H) | chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL,HDL
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| What is the function of the lipoproteins? | transport cholesterol and triglycerides (lipids) throughout the body.
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| What is the function of the chylomicrons? | carry EXogenous triglycerides and cholesterol to the rest of the body to be used by the body.
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| What is the function of the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)? | carry ENDOgenous (hepatic-derived) triglycerides to the rest of the body.
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| What is the function of the low density lipoproteins (LDL)? | transport cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body.
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| Why is LDL considered the "bad" cholesterol? | LDL is responsible for clogging arteries which is a major reason for CHD.
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| Define atherogenic. | clogging of arteries.
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| What is the function of the HDL? | picks up cholesterol at the tissues and returns it to the liver to be used.
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| Why is HDL considered "good" cholesterol? | it takes excess cholesterol out of the blood and returns it to the liver.
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| What is the presence of Lp(a) in the blood an indication of? | it's associated as an independent risk factor for the development of premature CHD, MI and cerebrovascular disease.
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| three pathways in which lipoproteins transport lipids through the body. What type of lipids does each transport? | Exogenous-->dietary lipids
Endogeous-->hepatic lipids by way of VLDL and LDL.
Reverse cholesterol-->HDL
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| What do lipoprotein receptors have to do with lipid metabolism? | to be metabolized in the body, they must complex with apolipoproteinsnecessary not only for delivering lipoproteins to the tissues, but also for efficient removal of atherogenic (bad) lipoproteins from the blood.
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| What are the adult reference ranges for the major lipids? | Total cholesterol – 140-200 mg/dL
HDL cholesterol – 29-75 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol – 57-130 mg/dL
Triglyceride – 67-157 mg/dL
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| Define and explain dyslipidemia | diseases associated with abnormal lipid concent. caused directly by genetic abnorm. or environ./lifestye imbalances or secondary to other diseases. associated with CHD and arteriosclerosis.
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| What is arteriosclerosis | lipids that form plaque in the arteries and cause blockage.
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| Name the "bad" cholesterol. Why is it considered bad? | LDL-->associated with plaque buildup in the arteries.
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| Name the "good" cholesterol. Why is it considered good? | HDL-->associated with carrying cholesterol away from tissues to the liver
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| define/explain hyperlipoproteinemia. | Increased lipoprotein concentrations in the blood.
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| define hypercholesterolemia | increased cholesterol levels in the blood
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| define hypertriglyceridemia | increased triglyceride levels in the blood
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| define hyperlipidemia | elevated levels of both cholestero and tryglycerides
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| define/explain hypolipoproteinemia | decreased levels of lipoproteins
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| What lipoprotein is hypoALPHAlipoprotein associated with? | HDL (good) cholesterol
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| What lipoprotein is hypoBETAlipoprotein associated with? | LDL (bad) cholesterol
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| what tests are included in a lipid panel? (4) | Total cholesterol-triglycerides-HDL-LDL
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| Which tests measured directly by automated methods? Which tests are calculated? | Automated-->total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides. Calculated-->LDL (using the other 3 results).
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| The organization that was formed to alert the American population to the risk factors with heart disease and developed goals for labs? | NCEP-->Nat'l Cholesterol Education Program
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