Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| has a definite shape and a definite volume | solid
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| has no definite shape but a definite volume | liquid
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| a solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern | crystaline solid
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| a solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern | amorphous solid
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| a substance that can easily flow | fluid
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| the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together | surface tension
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| a liquid's resistance to flowing | viscosity
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| a state of matter with no definite shape or volume | gas
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| the change of state from a solid to a liquid | melting
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| the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid | melting point
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| the change of state from a liquid to a solid | freezing
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| the change from a liquid to a gas | vaporization
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| vaporization that only takes place on the surface of a liquid | evaporation
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| vaporization that takes place below its surface as well as its surface | boiling
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| the temperature at which a liquid boils | boiling point
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| the change from a gaseous to a liquid state of matter | condensation
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| the change of state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid | sublimation
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| the force of the outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container | pressure
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| When the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature is increased, the volume of the gas decreases. When the pressure is decreased, the volume increases. | Boyle's law
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| When the tempeature of a gas is increased at a constant pressure, its volume increases. When the temperature is decreased at a constant pressure, its volume decreases. | Charles's law
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| The four states of matter: | solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
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| Classification of the four types is based upon: | particle arrangement, energy of particles, and distance between between particles
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| Particles of a solid are ___________ __________, vibrating about in a fixed position. | tightly packed
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| Solids have an infinite number of free __________. | surfaces
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| Particles of a liquid are tightly packed, bur are far enough apart to ___________ past each other. | slide
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| Liquids have ___ free surface(s) | one
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| Particles of a gas are very far apart and move __________. | freely
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| Gases have ____ free surfaces | no
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| Why do solids have a definite shape and a definite volume? | This fixed, closley packed arrangement of particles causes a solid to have a definite shape and a definite volume.
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| What are some examples of crystaline solids? | salt, sugar, and snow
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| What are some examples of amorphous solids? | plastics, rubber, and glass
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| If you put a gas in a closed container, what will the gas do? | If you put a gas in a closed container, the gas particles will either spread apart or be squeezed together as they fill the container.
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| When does vaporization take place? | Vaporization takes place when the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas.
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| Why is the boiling point of water lower in the mountains than it is at sea level? | In places close to sea level, the boiling point of water is 100 degrees C. In the mountains, however, air pressure is lower and so is water's boiling point. The lower the pressure,the less energy needed for the particles of a liquid to escape into the air
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| When condensation occurs, does a gas lose or gain thermal energy? | Condensation occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.
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| Give on example of sublimation. | One example of sublimation occurs with dry ice. At ordinary atmospheric pressures, carbon dioxide cannot exist as a liquid. So instead of melting, solid carbon dioxide changes directly into a gas.
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| List the three measurements that are helpful to know when working with a gas. | volume, temperature, and pressure
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| What is the formula to calculate pressure? | Pressure = Force / Area
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| Why does a ball leak air even when it has a tiny hole? | The higher pressure inside the ball results in gas particles hitting the inner surface of the ball. Therefore, gas particles reach the hole and escape more often than gas particles outside the ball reach the hole and enter.
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| What can cause tires to burst on long trips in warm weather? | If pressure becomes greater than the tire can hole, the tire will burst.
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