neuro pharm
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| diazepam (valium) | benzodiazepine (LA GABA(B) agonist); anti-anxiety
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| triazolam (halcion) | benzodiazepine (SA GABA(B) agonist); sleep induction
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| zolpidem (Ambien) | NBRA (non-benzo hypnotic); short-term insomnia
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| eszopiclone (lunesta) | NBRA (non-benzo hypnotic); short-term insomnia
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| flumazenil | benzo antagonist; treat benzo OD
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| disulfiram (antabuse) | blocks aldehyde DH; treat alcohol dependence
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| acamprosate (compral) | inhibits NMDARs (prevent glutamate toxicity); treat alcohol w/drawal
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| baclofen | GABA(B) agonist; treat spasticity, alcohol dependence (dec alcohol w/drawal sx/anxiety/craving)
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| β-carboline carboxyethyl ester | inverse benzo agonist; causes anxiety, muscle spasms, proconvulsant state
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| fomepizole | alcohol DH inhibitor; treat methanol intoxication
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| phenelzine | MAOI A (CNS, SNS, liver, gut, skin) and MAOI B; irreversible, non-selective; treat depression w/ intesnse anxiety
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| tranylcypromine | MAOI A (CNS, SNS, liver, gut, skin) & MAOI B; irreversible, non-selective; treat depression w/ intesnse anxiety
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| selegiline | MAOI B (CNS, liver, plt); selective at low dose; treat depression w/ intesnse anxiety
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| moclobemide | MAOI; reversible; treat depression w/ intesnse anxiety
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| amitriptyline | TCA; 3° amine
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| nortriptyline | TCA; 2° amine; best tolerated, blood level corresponds to daily dose
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| desipramine | TCA; 2° amine; selective inhibition NE uptake
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| clomipramine | TCA; 3° amine; selective inhibition 5HT reuptake
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| imipramine | TCA; 3° amine; inhibits both NE and 5HT uptake
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| protriptyline | TCA; 2° amine
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| doxepin | TCA; 3° amine
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| fluoxetine | SSRI; inhibt 5HT reuptake
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| sertraline | SSRI; inhibt 5HT reuptake
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| citalopram | SSRI; inhibt 5HT reuptake
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| escitalopram | SSRI; inhibt 5HT reuptake
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| paroxetine | SSRI; inhibt 5HT reuptake
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| venlafaxine | SNRI; facilitate 5HT & NE neurotransmission
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| desvenlafaxine | SNRI; facilitate 5HT & NE neurotransmission
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| duloxetine | SNRI; facilitate 5HT & NE neurotransmission
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| buproprion | atypical antidepressant; weak neuronal uptake of NE, 5HT, DA; treat depression, smoking cessation, ADHD
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| mirtazipine | atypical antidepressant; Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA); 5HT2 & α2R antagonist, antihistamine
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| trazadone | atypical antidepressant; 5HT2A R effect, antihistamine; antidepressant, sleep aid; SE: priapism
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| Vilazodone | atypical antidepressant; partial agonist 5HT1A R, modest 5HT reuptake inhibition
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| Nefazodone | atypical antidepressant
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| Lithium | treat bipolar disorder, unipolar depression augmentation
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| chlorpromazine | phenothiazine antipsychotic; low potency block D2R; SE: sedation (H1 block), postural hypotension (α1 block), dry mouth/urin retent/cognitive impair (muscarinic anticholinergic)
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| perphenizine | thioxanthene antipsychotic; mid potency block D2R
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| haloperidol | butyrophenone antipsychotic; high potency block D2R; hyperprolactinemia SE
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| Risperidone | atypical antipsychotic; highest potency D2R inhibition, 5HT2a R inhibition; SE: hyperprolactinemia
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| Palliperidone | atypical antipsychotic; D2R & 5HT2a R inhibition
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| Ziprasidone | atypical antipsychotic; D2R & 5HT2a R inhibition
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| Olanzapine | atypical antipsychotic; D2R & 5HT2a R inhibition; SE: sedation, dry mouth/urin retent, cognitive impair
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| Clozapine | atypical antipsychotic; D2R & 5HT2a R inhibition; SE: postural hypotension, sedation, dry mouth/urin retent/cognitive impair
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| Quetiapine | atypical antipsychotic; lowest potency D2R & 5HT2a R inhibition; SE: sedation (H1), postural hypotension (α1)
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| Aripiprazole | atypical antipsychotic; D2R & 5HT1aR partial agonist & 5HT2a R inhibitor
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| morphine | strong opioid R agonist; high affinity μR; analgesic, euphoria, cough depression, miosis, emesis, antidiarrheal, urine retention, cerebral vasodilator (CO2 retent), urticaria, decreased uterine contractions in labor
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| methadone | strong opioid R agonist; μR; analgesic and controlled w/drawal opioid dependency
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| meperidine | strong opioid R agonist; μR>κR, potent analgesic, euphoric, high abuse liability, midriasis, no affect on labor contractions; MAOI contraindicated (hypertensive crisis)
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| fentanyl | strong opioid R agonist; μR, miosis, 100x potency of morphine, highly lipophilic, p450 metab
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| oxycodone | strong opioid R agonist; semisynthetic derivative of morphine commonly compounded with acetaminophen & asa
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| heroin | strong opioid R agonist; illicit use only, diacetylation of morphine increases potency 3x, increased lipophilicity and cerebral bioavailability
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| codeine | moderate opioid R agonist; analgesic, converted to morphine, anti-tussive effect, less abuse liability b/c less analgesic/euphoric, compounded with asa & acetaminophen commonly
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| propoxyphene | moderate opioid R agonist; methadone derivative, mild analgesic, 1/2 potency of codeine, OD extremely dangerous (resp dep, cardiotoxicity)
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| hydroxycodone | moderate opioid R agonist
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| pentazocine | mixed opioid R agonist/antagonist; κR agonist/weak antag; μR antagonist; can ppt w/drawal sx from morphine, increases BP
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| buprenorphine | partial opioid R agonist; treats opioid dependence; morphine-like in naïve, w/drawal in users
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| tramadol | partial opioid R agonist (weak μ agonist); inhibit 5HT & NE reuptake
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| naloxone | opioid R antagonist; potent agonist μ>κ R's, used for rapid reversal opioid OD; resp dep reversal with some sparing of analgesia
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| naltrexone | opioid R antagonist; long t1/2; decreases rewarding effects of alcohol; used for outpt treatment of opioid and EtOH abuse
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| marijuana | endocannabinoid R agonist; euphoria, perceptual change
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| ketamine | NMDA R antagonist (facilitate DA release); dissociative analgesic; high pain tolerance, vertical nystagmus, hyperthermia, hallucination
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| phenycyclidine (PCP) | NMDA R antagonist (facilitate DA release); dissociative analgesic; high pain tolerance, vertical nystagmus, hyperthermia, hallucination
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| MDMA (ecstasy) | complex effects on monoamines; empathogenic, euphoric, hallucinogenic effects
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| methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine) | phosphodiesterase inhibition and adenosine R antagonism; inc alert, positive inotropic effects, mild diuresis, increase gastric acid secretion
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| nicotine | nicotinic cholinergic R agonist
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| cocaine | CNS blockade of monoamine transport, esp DA 7 NE, prolonging catecholamine effects; peripheral Na channel inhibition
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| amphetamine | indirect agonist enhancing catecholamine release; increases euphoria, attentiveness, pressor effects
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| methylphenidate | decreases DA reuptake by inhibiting DAT; derivative that may be smoked
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| dextroamphetamine | indirect agonist enhancing catecholamine release; treat ADHD, narcolepsy, pain adjuvant
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| varenicline | partial nicotinic cholinergic R agonist for treating nicotine addiction
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