all vocab for the quiz
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| population | show 🗑
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| sample | show 🗑
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| statistical inference | show 🗑
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| show | involves studying a part to gain information about the whole (often very accurate)
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| sample design | show 🗑
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| show | (often biased) people choose to be in a sample. This technique usually involves outgoing people with strong opinion, usually negative ones
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| convenience sampling | show 🗑
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| show | when a population falls into naturally occuring subgroups, each having similar characteristics. 1) divide the population into groups/clusters 2)select ALL members of one or more clusters
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| systematic sampling | show 🗑
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| show | variables are confounded when their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other
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| bias | show 🗑
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| show | choosing "n" individuals from a population in such a way that every set of "n" individuals has an equal chance of being in sample actually selected
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| show | a survery that attempts to contact every individual in an entire population
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| show | a series of questions that attempts to gather information about a population or sample
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| show | a long string of the digits 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 where each entry is equally likely to be any of these ten digits and entires are independent of each other
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| show | a sample chosen by chance. We must know what samples are possible and what chance or probability each possible sample has
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| stratified random sample | show 🗑
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| multistage sample design | show 🗑
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| show | occurs when some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample
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| show | occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can't be contacted or does not cooperate
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| show | respondents lying, usually about illegal or unpopular behavior
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| show | confusing or leading questions can introduce bias
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| show | usually large samples are more accurate than smaller samples (relatively speaking)
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| show | a list of all individuals from a population from which a sample is chosen. This should be ENTIRE population, but in practice, this is difficult
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| observational study | show 🗑
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| show | imposes a treatment on individuals to observe their responses. 1)randomization 2)control group 3)impose a treatment 4)replication
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| experimental units | show 🗑
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| treatment | show 🗑
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| show | the explanatory variable in an experiment. At times there can be many factors
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| show | the specific value of the each factor
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| show | a placebo is a dummy treatment. Most subjects respond favorably to ANY treatment, even a "fake" one. The response to the dummy treatment is known as the placebo effect.
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| show | the group of subjects that receive the fake treatment (placebo). The control group helps to alleviate confounding effects of the placebo effect
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| matching | show 🗑
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| show | when all experimental units are allocated at random among all treatments. This helps average out the effects of chance in sample that are large enough
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| show | an observed effect too large to attribute to just chance (did change occur because of the actual treatment imposed or was it just chance?)
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| replication | show 🗑
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| show | 1)control: the effects of confounding variables on the response variable 2)randomize: use impersonal chance to assign experimental units to treatments 3)replication: each treatmenton many units to reduce chance variation in results
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| hidden bias | show 🗑
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| show | the subjects do not know what treatment they receive
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| double blind experiment | show 🗑
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| block design | show 🗑
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| show | design that compares two treatments. -each block consists of two units or subjects closely mathced -subject: are assigned randomly to treatments and results are compared
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