UNIT 1 (1,2,3,4,5,6)

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Answer

the oldest major mountain range in north america is the app. mountains T OR F

true

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before the arrival of columbus the indian people of north america spoke essentially the same language T OR F

false

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the largest and most sophisticated indian civilizations were in the area of the pacific northwest

false

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most north american indian people relied on a rich agricultural diet of corn maize beans and squash

true

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the largest north american confederacy was created by the legendary hiawatha in the 16th centtury

true

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viking expolorere created small but permanent settlement along the northest coast beginning about 1300 ad

false

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spices from asia were extremely expensive in euarope due to the high costs paid to muslim "middlemen"

true

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african slavery essentially began becaause of the low economic and cultural condition of african sociesties

false

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before setting out on his voyage across the atlantic colubmus had already rounded the souther tip of afirca in seach of a route to asia

false

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the primary cause of declining indian population after columbuss arrival was military assault on indian civilians

false

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the conquest of mexico and peru solidified spains position as the wealthiest colonial power of thr 16 cenrury

true

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the aztecs under moctezuma launched a military attack on cortez and the spnahish as soon as they landed in mexico

false

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the spanish were largely uninterested in developing colonial settelemnets north of present day mexico city

false

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the spanish settlements in new mexico and california depeneded more on catholic missionary efforts than on the discovery of gold and silver

true

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despite their extremely harsh tremaent of the indians the spanish conquerors created culture laws and religion that laid the basis for later latin american civilization

true

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the final landscape of the north american continent were determeined about 10,000 years ago by

the last retreat of the great ice age galciers

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the most persuasive theory regarding the origins of american indians is they orgininally came from

siberia

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the most sophisiticated indian civilzations were those erected by the

mayas incas and aztecs

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the largest and most powerful indian confederacy in the territory of the present us was estblish in the sixteenth century by the

iriquois

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the 1st european nation to sail around africa and establish large slave labor plantations was

portugal

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among the indian agricultural products the eventually contributed to the eropean diet were

corn maise beans and tomatoes

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the primary cause of the death of about 90 percent of the orginial indian population in the centuries after colombus's arrival was

diseases like smallpox malaria and yellow fever

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spain gained the greatest riches of its american empire by

seizing indian gold and silver and mining more of the precious metals

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what was not among the motives that drove the spanish conquistadors in their new world exploits

a humanitarian desire to end practices like human sacrifice

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the spanish conquistador hernan cotes was able to defeat the ateca partly because

the aztec emporer moctezuma initially welcomed cortez into his captial city

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the term mesizto refers to

people of mixed indian and european descent

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the first universities established in the americas were those of

mexico city and lima peru

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the primary motive for the spansish to establish settlements in florida and teas was

to prevent the encorashment of other eruopean powers especially france

🗑

the primary motive for the first spanish settlements in california was

to convert the indians to christianity

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the black legened refers to the unfounded beleif that

the spanish only killed and stole the wealth of the americas without creating any lasting cutlure

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englands rivalry with catholic spain intensified during the reing of protestant queen elizabeth

true

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englands first colonies in newfoundland and north carolina were more succesful than the colonies of spain

false

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englands colonization efforts were substantially delayed after its navy was defeated by the spanish armada

false

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the defeat of the spanish armada helped fuel a strong english patriotism that was expressed in both literature and colonial adventures

true

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it was difficult to recruit english settlers for the colonies because propersity and full employment mean that few wanted to leave england

false

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the primary purpose of the colonial virginia company was to earn quick profits for it stockholders

true

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the jamestown colony enjoyed a great succes in its early years

false

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the marriage between pocahantas and john rolfe guranteed permanent peaceful relations between the powhatan indians and the virgian colonists

false

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disease and white attacks quickly devastated and then destroyed most of the indian population along the atlanctic seaboard

true

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virginias economic prosperity rested on the production of corn and rice

false

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marylands catholic founder lord baltimore established a policy of harsh persecution of protestants

false

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south carolina was closed tied to the slave and sugar growing economy of the west indies

true

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north carolina generally resisted the alrge scale plantations and aristocratic social system that dominated south carolina

true

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the georgia colony was established by poor whites fleeing the planter controlled society of south carolina

false

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the dominant religion in the souther colonies was the established church of englash

true

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the english protestant reformation was first launched by..

king henry VIII

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in 1585 sir walter raleigh launched the failed english colonial settlement of roanoke in present day

north carolina

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the english law of primogeniture contributed to colonial settlements because

ambitious younger sons were unable to inherit property

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even though the purpose of the virginia company was to earn quick profits for stockholders the companys charter guaranteed

that settlers would enjoy all the rights of englishmen that they had at home

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lord de la warr's use of irish tactics in virginia led to

fierce raids on indian villages and destruction of their crops

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the english settlers policy of killing or driving out the Indians emerged partly because

the indians served no economic function for the colonists

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during its first forty years of virginias existence, african slaves had

only a small presence in the colony

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the maryland colony was orginially established as

a haven for persecuted english catholics

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marylands 1649 act of toleration still contained provisions for harsh persectuion of what races

jews and atheists

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sugar cane contributed greatly to the expansion of slavery because

it could only grow on large plantations with extensive labor

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many of the early settlers of south carolina originally came from

englands west indies colonies like barbados

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the primary agricultural crop of south carolina turned out to be

rice

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the colony of north carolina was originally settled by

poor white squatters fleeing aristocratic virginia

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the 3 most powerful indian peoples who controlled the appalachian mountains and valleys in the 18th century were the

cherokees creeks and iroquois

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the prominent english christian missionary who worked temporarily among debtors and indians the the georgia colony was

john wesley

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the primary form of protestantism that shaped englands north american colonies was reformed calvanism

true

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the most devout puritans believed that the church of england should re-emphasize its role as a bridge chruch between protestantism and catholicism

false

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unlike the puritans the pilgrims of plymouth bay believed that they should stay within the church of england in order to reform it

false

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the original colonists of mass bay brough their royal charter along with them as a basic constitution

true

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most of the original settler in massachussetss were poor and largely uneducated

false

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although mass bay had an established chruch wih voting dependent on church membership it barred clergy from actually holding political office

true

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anne hutchinson was exiled for teach that the saved need not obey the law and that she had recieved a direct revelation from god

true

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roger williams made rhode island the most religiously tolerant of englands north american colonies

true

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in contrast to virginia, relations between the english settlers in new england and the indians were generally peaceful

false

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the new england confederation succeeded in defying king charles II and establishing greater autonomy for all of englands north american colonies

false

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dutch new netherland was and authoritarian colony with little toleration for religious dissent or democracy

true

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williams penns colony on the delware river struggled for many years until penn invited german colonists to settl there

false

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williams penn established an autocratic gov't that brought prospertiy but denied freedom of worship and freedom of speech

false

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the middle colonies had a more ethnically and religiously diverse population that either the souther or new england colonies

true

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the swedish settled colony of delaware was originally under the governance of new york

false

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what was not among the religous groups heavily influened by john calvins version of protestant christianity

german lutherans

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the most fervent puritans beleved that the church should consist only of

visible saints who could demonstrate the working of grace in their lives to their fellow puritans

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the number of puritan immigrants who came to new england on the first eleven ships in 1630 was approximately

1000

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voting rights in the mass bay colony provinicial governments was restricted to

adult male members of the congregrational church

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the punishment the puritans infliced on the religous dissenters anne hutchinson and roger williams was

exile from mass

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the new england colonies with the closest connections to puritan mass were

conneticut and new haven

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the pequot war of 1637 resulted in

the complete annihilation of the pequot tribe and 40 years of relative calm between puritans and indians

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englands glorious revolution of 1688-89 resulted in

american attacks on royal authority and the collapse of the dominion of new england

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the primary initial goal of the dutch west india company in establishing its new netherland colony was

to make quick profits from the fur trade for company investors

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the small swedish colony of new sweden was conquered in 1655 by

`the dutch from new netherland

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what was not among the distinctive features of the quakers religous beleif and practice

a denial of the christian doctrine of the trinity

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which of the following was not among the unusual features of williams penns colony

the communal ownership of land

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economically the quakers of pa were

shrewd businesspeople who attained considerable prosperity through trade

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the 2 middle colonies most closely assosicated with quaker pa were

new jersey and delaware

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while born is mass ben franklins life and career was essentially linked with the colony of

pennsylvania

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the population of 17th century virgnia and maryland expanded rapidly through natural population growth

false

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the primary source of labor in the 17th century tobacco colonies came from white indentured servants

true

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the headright system for importing indentured servant labor contributed to the growth of large and wealthy plantations in the chesapeake region

true

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by the end of the 17th century former indentured servants enjoyed greater oppurtunity for land ownership and upward mobility into the virginia gentry

false

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virginias governor william berkely brutally crushed bacons rebellions and hanged more than 20 of the rebels

true

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bacons rebellions and the crisis of indentured servitude led virginia planters to look to african slaves as a better source of labor

true

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the primary reason few african slaves were brough to north america before 1700 was that most european settlers originally objected to slavery on religious and moral grounds

false

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the leading center of slave trading in the northern british colonies was rhode island

true

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the highest death rate for captured africans occrued during the middle passage from african to the americas

true

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the treatment of slave and thier life expectancy was worse in the chesapeake colonies than in the deep south colonies like south carolina

false

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the life expectancy of colonial new englanders was not much shorter than that of present day americans

true

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most new england married women experienced fewer than four pregnancies during their child bearing years

false

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new england families were more stable and multi generational than those in the southern colonies

true

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colonial new england laws permitted and actually encouraged male spouses to physically abuse their wives

false

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the new england town was a compact center and forum for managing government education and religion

true

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the great majority of immigrants to seventeenth century virginia and maryland were

single men in their late teens and early twenties

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as tobacco production expanded and prices for the leaf fell seventeenth century chesapkeake tobacco farmers

planted even more tobacco on newly acquired lands

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by the end of the 17th century the institution of white indentured servitituve was

in a state of sever crisis that led to a major rebellion by landless former indentured servantws

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the main reason that american plantation owners turned from white indentured servitude to african slavery was

they were afraid that masses of disconeteneted whites would rebel and overthrow their social system

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most of the africans who came to north america were originally from

western africa from senegal to angola

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which of the following were not provisions of the colonial slave codes written in the late seventheenth century english colonies

slaves could legally marry other slaves

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the african american population of north america was one of the few slave societies in history to

perpetuate itself by natural reproduction

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a primary reason that souther colonial women generally enjoyed more legal rights than new england women was that

southern men frequently died young leaving their widows with small children to support

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the primary purpose of new englands family was to

defend the integrity of marriage

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what was not a function of the traditional new england town

relations with the indians

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the jermiad sermons that became common after mid 17th century generally

scolded parishioners for their wanting religious zeal

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the half way covenant established in new england after 1662 provided that

unconverted children of church members could be baptized but not admitted to communion

🗑

a primary cause of the salem witchcraafts of 1692 was

the increasing social change and growing social stratification in new england towns

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the generally unfavorable conditions for new england agriculture led to

an increasing economic turn to fishing shipbuilding and commerce

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most of the english colonists in 17th century noth american were the descendents of

the middle layers of enlgish and europenan society

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most of the increase in american population up to 1755 came from eurpean immigration and african slave importation

false

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the center of the german ethnic population in the colonies was pennsylvania

true

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there was less economic oppurtunity for ordinary americans in the 18th century than for contemporary britons

false

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scots-irish immigrants generally settled in the mountain frontier areas because the better coastal land was already taken

true

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the british gov't forcibly sent about fifty thousand convicted criminals and paupers to the american colonies

true

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members of the ordinated clergy enjoyed little repect or social status in britains north american colonies

false

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before the american revolution about 90 percent of the american population worked in agriculture

true

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the largest portion of colonial commerse consisted of the triangular trade among new england west africa and the west indies

false

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the best educated and most repsected clergy in colonial americfa belondged to the anglican chruch

false

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the great awakening represented a spiritual and emotional challenge to the loss of earlier religious fervor in the colonies

true

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the great awakenings leaders were hostile to and educated clergy and refused to support colonial colleges

false

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the great awakening represented one of the first spontaneous movement of colonists as americans rather than as residents of seperate colonies

true

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schools and colleges were more highly developed and better supported in colonial new england that in the middle colonies or the south

true

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because they resented british political control american colonists looked to france and italy for much of their cultural goods and ideals

false

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in the zenger case of 1734 a ny jury held that a newspaper could not be punished for libel it its statemetns about puclic officials were truthful

true

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by 1775 appro what percent of the american pop was african american

🗑

the scots irish immigrants to the american colonies were known for their

individualism and hostility to governmental officials

🗑

the french settler crevecourer attributed the complex ethinic makeup of the american colonists to

the fact that americans of many diverse ethnic groups were intermingling and intermarrying

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the vast majority of american colonists before the revolution were

small landowning farmers

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the very lowest social class among white colonists consisted of

convicts and paupers

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the worst disease in the colonies was

smallpox

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the largest colonial manufacturing activity consisted of

lumbering shipbuilding and naval stores

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colonial taverns were especially important as centers of

political conversation and orginization

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the 2 colonial denominations that were most hostile to british authority and active in rebellious agitation were

presbyterians and congregationalists

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the anglican church in america was severly handicapped by

its poorly educated clergy and lack of a resident bishop

🗑

clergy and believers who strongly supported the great awakeneing were called

new lights

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the great awakening led to the founding of several new colleges including

princeton brown and dartmouth

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many colonial southerners chose to educate their sons in

elite enlgish universisties

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besides his classsic autobiography ben franklin was best known as a writer for

poor richards almanack

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a primary means that colonial assemblies used to challenge royalr governors was

using to withhold the governors salary unless he yielded to their demands

🗑

samuel de champlain the father of new france allied french colonization with the huron indians in hostility to the iroguois

true

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the strongest source of french colonists were the dissenting protestant french hugenots

false

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the greatest economic foundation of frances new world empire was the fur trade

true

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the french were unable to expand much beyond canada due to the spanish and british occupancy of the mouth of the mississippi river system

false

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most of the colonial wars of the early 18th century featured britain and spain allied against the expanding french empire

false

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george washingtons crucial role in the french british war for empire began when he successfuly defended virginia against a french invasion

false

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at the albany congress of 1754 ben franklin attempted unsuccessfully to forge a plan for intercolonial unity

true

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the british victory in the battle of quebec effectively makred the end of frances colonial empire in north america

TRUE

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the successful performance of colonial soldiers and officers like george washington earned the respect of the professional british military

false

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the experience of fighting together in the french and indian war created new and bitter divisions among citizens of the diverse 13 colonies

false

🗑

pride in the victorious british empire made american colonists feel a stronger sense of british partriotism after 1763

false

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among the major winners from the treaty of paris were the iriquois creeks and other interior indian trives

false

🗑

the british defeat of the ottawa cheif ponitact in 1763 openened the door to american colonial migration across the apps

true

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the british prohibition of colonial expansion in the proclomation of 1763 aroused americans resentment and defiance

true

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in the wake of their great victory in the seven years ware britons were filled with pride and determined to put upstart colonials back in line

true

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the primary center of french imperial activity in north american was

quebec

🗑

what was not a reason that new france grew slowly

there were no valuable resources to be exploited in canada

🗑

the catholic religious order that played a large role in explorartion and attempted conversion of the indians to christianity was

the jesuits

🗑

what was not among the 18th century was fought between britain and france

the war of jenkins ear

🗑

when did the french and indian war begin

when the governor of virginia sent george washington into the french controlled ohio country

🗑

ben franklins famous cartoon published to promote the 1754 albany congress contained the slogan...

join or die

🗑

the french success in the early phases of the seven years war was greatled aid by their alliance with...

the indians

🗑

general james wolfe effectively ended frances new world empire with his daring victory in

the battle of quebec

🗑

the colonial view of the proffesional british army altered when

they saw the arrogance and vulnerability of the british redcoats

🗑

british officials grew very angry and impatient with their colonial subjects during the 7 years ware because

many of the colonists refused to provide funds to support the conflict and their own defense

🗑

perhaps the greatest political benefit of the war for the american colonists was that

their discovery that they were all americans who spoke a common language and shared common ideals

🗑

of the french settler of louisianne were largely drawn from

refugees from british conquered nova scotia new brunswick and prince edward island

🗑

the american colonists felt a new sence of freedom after the seven years war because

they no longer felt the need for british militairy protection from the menacing french

🗑

the ottawa chief pontiacs 1763 campaign to drive the british out the the ohio country led to

a crushing indian defeate and british determination to stabilize the frontier at colonial expense

🗑

the british proclamation of 1763 forbidding futher colonial settlement beyond the apps led to

A growing westward migration and outright defiance of british authority

🗑

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