Stack #70073
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| Hydrogen's Rule | Hydrogen is an exeption to almost every rule in chemistry
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| What groups do hydrogen seem to fall with? | Alkali metals, the halogens, and sometime acid
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| What is a theory? | A set of ideas based on principles that explain a large number of observations
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| What does the Greek work for Atom mean? | Uncuttable
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| What is Dalton's law of conservation of mass? | It states that whenever a chemical or physical change occurs, the mass of the atom remains unchanged.
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| What is Dalton's law of definite composition? | It states that elements combine in definite preportions by mass.
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| What is Dalton's law of multiple proportion? | It states that when an element with a fixed mass combines with another element, the compound formed will always have a whole number ratio.
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| What was Dalton's theory? | The atomic theory of matter
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| The 4 points of the Atomic Theory of Matter | 1. All matter is composed of atoms 2. Atoms of the same element have the same properties. 3.Atoms of different elements have different properties. 4. Atoms of two or more elements can combine in constant ratio to form compounds.
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| Who discovered the electron? | JJ Thomson discovered...
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| What is the difference between Thomson and Nagaoka's atom model? | Thomson- a circle with + and - charges Nagaoka- like saturn- + charges in the circle and - charges in a ring around the circle
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| Who sent the alpha (+) particles through a sheet of gold to determine if there was a nucleus? | Rutherford
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| What did Moseley discover? | He proved that there are nucleus in the atom.
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| What did Moseley notice about the atoms on the periodic table? | That the number increased by one each time and = the atomic number
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| Who proved that protons in the nucleus do exist? | James Chadwick
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| What did Frederick Soddy propose? | That the amount of neutrons in an atom may vary.
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| Isotope | When an atom has the proper amount of protons, but the number of neutrons is higher or lower than it should be. They all have the same properties as other atoms of the same element, but their masses differ.
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| All elements exist naturally as ________ of isotopes | mixtures
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| Mass Number | the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
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| Quantum | Packet of energy containing atoms
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| What are the 5 parts to Bohr's Atomic Theory? | 1.Each electron has a fixed quantity of energy 2.Electrons are not found between orbits, but can change orbits. 3.The higher the energy level, the further it is from the nucleus. 4.The first 3 orbits hold 2,8,8 electrons 5. 8 valence electrons= stable
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| How is quantum mechanics viewed? | Accepted theory of atomic stucture
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| Two key points of Quantum mechanics kept from previous theories? | 1. The nucleus (rutherford) 2. Energy Levels (Bohr)
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| Orbital? | Energy Level!! *space that an electron occupies
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| Quantum Mechanics states the # of protons equals what? | 1. the atomic number 2. The # of electrons
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| Quantum Mechanics states what relationship between the periodic table and the # of energy levels of an energy level | The number of energy levels is usually the same as the period it belongs to.
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| Quantum Mechanics states what about the number of electrons on the first three energy levels? | They follow the pattern 2,8,8
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| Quantum Mechanics states what about filling energy levels | The lower energy level must be full before the a new one is begun
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| Quantum Mechanics states what about valence electrons? | they are on the highest energy level are valence electrons and are the same as the last number of their group
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| Ion | What an electron exchanges electrons and loses or gains electrons
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| Monatomic Ion | A single atom that has lost or gained an electron
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| Why do atoms form Ions? | Atoms form monatomic ions when losing or gaining electrons to form the same stable electronic stucture as the nearest noble gas.
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| Which 3 elements rarely form ions? | Boron, Carbon, Silicon
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| A positively charged Ion | Cation
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| A negatively charged ion | anion
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