Thoracic review
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| If red blood cells are higher than normal, the blood viscosity increases and the blood pressure | increases
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| which structure prevents the trachea from collapsing | hyaline cartilage
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| an enlargement in the airway at the top of the trachea and below the pharynx is the | larynx
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| the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae is the | pleural cavity
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| the area between an alveoli and a respiratory bronchiole is the | alveolar duct
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| a short distance from its origin, each primary bronchus divides into | lobar bronchi
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| the microscopic air sacs clustered at the distal ends of the respiratory tubes are the | alveoli
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| the main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels enter the lung on the medial surface through the | hilum
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| the right lung is divided into ___ lobes | 3
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| the heart lies _______ | slightly to the left within the mediastinum
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| what is the most common congenital chest deformity | pectus excavatum
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| the inability of the lung to expand and accumulation of air in the pleural cavity is | pneumothorax
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| which instrument is preferred for removal of a foreign body in the bronchial tree of infants and children | rigid bronchoscope
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| which of the following is not considered a sterile procedure: bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, thorascopy, anterior mediastinoscopy | bronchoscopy
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| which position is generally used for lobectomy | posterolateral
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| the prep parameters for a posterolateral thoracotomy are | shoulder and arm to the iliac crest, as far lateral as possible
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| which intercostal space is entered for a thoracotomy | 5th
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| which hemostatic agent is placed on each side of the sternum after a median sternotomy to control bleeding | bone wax
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| for visualization of the pleurae, lower and middle mediastinum, and pericardium, the surgeon would need a | mediastinoscope
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| the procedure performed to remove a fibrous covering from the lung following empyema formation is | pulmonary decortication
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| outpouching of an aveolar sac which leads to subsequent rupture resulting in a pneumothorax is called | bleb
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| the instrument used to approximate the ribs following thoracotomy is | bailey rib contractor
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| cervical rib resection is performed to relieve | thoracic outlet syndrome
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| when two chest tubes are placed into the pleural space, the uppermost tube is used to | evacuate air/re-establish negative pressure
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| when a rib is removed, the remaining bone edges are trimmed with a | stille-luer rongeur
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| mediastinoscopy is usually performed with the patient in what position | dorsal recumbent
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| the diagnostic procedure which permits visualization of the great vessels is called | mediastinoscopy
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| removal of air or fluid from the pleural cavity via needle aspiration is | thoracentesis
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| terminal sac-like portion of the distal respiratory bronchiole | alveoli
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| flexible semitransparent cartilage; forms c-shaped rings that support the trachea | hyaline cartilage
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| substernal space | mediastinum
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| the serous lining of the chest cavity covering the organs of the chest | pleura
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| perforation of the visceral pleura by a fractured rib edge allowing air in the pleural space | pneumothorax
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| anterior mediastinoscopy | chamberlin procedure
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| results if blood or pus from a chest injury or infection is not drained from the pleural cavity | empyema
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| traditional mediastinoscopy | involves introduction of the scope through the pre-tracheal fascia into the superior mediastinum
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