Digital Fluoro
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digital Fluoroscopy (DF) | much the same manner as conventional fluoroscopy but with the addition of a computer, multiple monitors, and a more complex operating console
🗑
|
||||
| How are DF images obtained? | by pulsing the x-ray beam ( pulse-progressive fluoroscopy )
🗑
|
||||
| Thin Film Transistor(TFT) | replaces the image intensifier in conventional fluoro. Also called Flat Panel Image Receptors (FPIRS). Pixilated unit wit a photodiode connected to each pixel element.
🗑
|
||||
| Photodiode | converts light fromt eh image intensifier to an electronic signal
🗑
|
||||
| Scintillator | material that emits light when exposed to ionizing radiation. Ex: csl phosphors. They absorb x-ray photons and then emit magnified light to the TFT
🗑
|
||||
| Advantages of Flat Pannel Image Receptors | smaller, lighter more easily manipulated. Reponse of an FPIR is more uniform over a period of time and doesn’t degrade with age
🗑
|
||||
| Disadvantages of flat Pannel image receptors | resolution cannot be as high as conventional fluro. Digital fluoro pixel size is larger than radiography pixel size.
🗑
|
||||
| Charged coupled device (CCD) | a semiconducting device . stores light photon charges and strikes a photosensitive surface. EXTREMELY FAST DISCHARGE TIME- eliminates image lag.
🗑
|
||||
| Flat Panel Detector | Direct selenium (info TO digital image QUICKLY) Indirect silicon (slower)
🗑
|
||||
| Video analog to Digital (ADC) | digitizes analog signal and digitizes it.
🗑
|
||||
| Flat Panel Image Display | replacing cathode ray tube used in CRT. Easier to view/manipulate. Better images. Readily mounted in angiography and Operating rooms.
🗑
|
||||
| Computer Controlled Characteristics | image matrix size. System dynamic range. Image acquisition range.
🗑
|
||||
| Output Signal | ADC accepts analog signal and digitizes it.
🗑
|
||||
| Temporal Subtraction | pre contrast picture+Post contrast Picture – pre contrast stuff that did not change= subtracted image.
🗑
|
||||
| Mask mode | subtraction that results in successive subtraction imaest of contrast filled vessels. Original mask – each additional image.
🗑
|
||||
| Time Interval Difference (TID) mode | produces subtracted images from progressive masks and following frames.
🗑
|
||||
| Energy Subtraction | uses two different x-ray beams alternately to provide a subtraction image from the differences in kVp (photoelectric interaction). @33kVp- iodine absorption UP, soft tissue/bone absorption DOWN.
🗑
|
||||
| Hybrid Subtraction | Temporal and Energy subtraction. Mask mode used. PRODUCES HIGHEST QUALITY DF IMAGES.
🗑
|
||||
| REDUCING EXPOSURE | 1.low dose rate (pulse beams)2.static images (better than 200m camera-less frames)3.Spot images- less images if not overused.
🗑
|
||||
| ADC | Analog to Digital Converter
🗑
|
||||
| Video Camera Tube | MOST COMMONLY USED FLOURO VIEWER. VIDICON AND PLUBBICON TUBES
🗑
|
||||
| Video Camera Charge-Couple Device | semiconducting device stores charge from light photons. Stores image in latent form. Video signal emitted raster pattern. MORE SENSITIVE THAN VIDEO TUBES. No image lag. Fast discharge time.
🗑
|
||||
| Video Monitor (TV Tube) | Cathode ray tube (CRT) Vacuum tube. CATHODE (ELECTRON GUN) IS SOURCE OF THE ELECTRON STREAM. Anode plated onto THE FRONT SCREEN
🗑
|
||||
| Cine Film Systems (Cineflurography) | DYNAMIC RECORDING SYSTEM has a cinecamera positioned to incercept images produce by output screen of intensifying screen. Needs 90% of image intensity for proper image exposure.
🗑
|
||||
| Cine film specifications | Uses both 16 and 35mm formats. 30-60 fps. 60hz. Viewed at 16fps. HIGH PATIENT DOSE.
🗑
|
||||
| Video Recorders | DYNAMIC RECORDING SYSTEM.VCR/VHS recorder
🗑
|
||||
| Cassette-loaded spot films | STATIC.positioned between patient and image intensifier.HIGH PATIENT DOSE. HIGHER QUALITY.
🗑
|
||||
| Photospot camera | STATIC. Similar to moview camera but exposes one frame at a time.less than cassette loaded. 70 or 105 mm film. Large film-INCREASED QUALITY/PATIENT DOSE.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most commonly used fluoroscopic viewing system? | Video Camera Tube
🗑
|
||||
| What is similar to a movie camera but exposes one frame at a time? | Photospot camera
🗑
|
||||
| What size films are used in Cinefluorography? | 16mm and 35mm
🗑
|
||||
| What size films are used in photospot cameras? | 70 or 105 mm
🗑
|
||||
| How are images from digital fluoroscopy obtained? | by pulsing the x-ray beam in a manner called pulse-progressive fluoroscopy”
🗑
|
||||
| What are the advantages of the FPIR? | 1.smaller, lighter and more easily manipulated than image intensifiers. Response more uniform and does not degrade with age
🗑
|
||||
| What are the disadvantages of the FPIR? | resolution not as high (less patient dose)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the type of video acquisition of “video analog to digital”(ADC)? | accepts continuously varying signal, the analog signal, and digitizes it.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the Charged Coupled device (CCD)? | a semiconductor device capable of storing a charge from light photons and striking a photosensitive surface. Can store freed electrons. Extremely fast discharge time.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the advantages of digital fluoroscopy techniques? | The speed of image acquisition and post-processing to enhance image contrast.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
bcmoody