Physics Module 4
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| Electrostatics | The principles of nonmoving electrical charges.
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| Electrodynamics | The principles of electrical charges in motion.
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| Conductor | A metal or other substance with electrons that are free to produce a current.
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| Insulators | A substance that does not conduct electric current because its electrons are bound within the molecules and cannot freely move.
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| Charge | A property of matter
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| Coulomb | The SI unit (abbreviated as C) equal to the electrical charge of 6.25 x 1018 electrons. This is a negative number for a negative charge; a positive charge of 1 C is equal to the same number of protons.
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| Only negative charges (electrons) are free to move in solid conductors. |
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| Coulomb's law | The principle that electrostatic force increases directly as the product of the two charges increases. The force decreases in an inverse relation with the square of the distance between the two objects.
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| Inverse square law | The principle that the intensity of electromagnetic radiation such as light or x-rays diminishes by a factor of the square of the distance from its source.
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| An object may be electrified in three ways: | Friction, contact, and induction
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| Electrification | The condition of an object that has gained a charge through friction, contact, or induction.
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| Friction | The resistance caused by one object moving against or through another. Friction is also one of three forms of electrification of an object; it occurs by rubbing electrons off one object and depositing them on another.
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| Contact | One of three forms of electrification of an object; occurs by touching the object so that the charge transfers to it.
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| Induction | One of three forms of electrification of an object; it occurs when one charged object attracts the opposite charges or repels similar charges in another object and thereby electrifies that area of the other object.
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| Electric potential | Potential energy per unit charge.
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| The concentration of charges on a curved surface of a conductor will be greatest: | Where the curve is greatest
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| When your charged fingertip touches a doorknob and creates a static spark, this is electrification by? | Contact
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| The smallest unit of negative charge resides with which of the following? | Electron
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| Why do we base the measure of electric charge on electrons? | They are free to move
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| Which of the following is necessary for electric current to move? | Electric potential
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| Voltage | The unit of measurement (abbreviated as V) for electric potential; the difference in electric potential between two points.
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| Current | The stream of electricity that moves along a conductor (Symbol I). An electric current is due to a difference of potential between two points, this difference being measured in volts
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| Resistance | The ability of an element in a circuit to resist the flow of electricity by reducing or impeding it.
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| Ampere | The SI unit for current flow (abbreviated as A), or amount of charge per second, or how many electrons are flowing past a particular point in the current in 1 second; 1 A equals 1 coulomb flowing by in 1 second.
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| Ohm | The SI unit for resistance, shown by the Greek letter omega
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| SI unit for charge per second is what? | Ampere
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| Ampere formula | Ampere=Coulombs/Seconds
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| Direct current (DC) | The type of current that flows in only one direction; the current produced by batteries.
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| Alternating current (AC) | The type of current in which electrons alternate direction of flow as the electric potential switches back and forth.
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| The amount of resistance of a conductor depends on what four things? | Material
Length
Cross-sectional area
Temperature
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| The ability to do work due to separation of charges defines? | Volts
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| In which medium will electrons jump between electrodes? | Vacuum
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| Which of the following is actually the flow of electrons in a conductor? | Current
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| Which of the following is measured as the ratio of energy to charge? | Volts
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| What unit of measure is based on the resistance of a standard volume of mercury? | Ohm
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| Electric circuit | The closed pathway of an electric current.
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| Fuse | A section of special wire, usually encased in glass, that quickly melts if the current flowing through it rises too high.A
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| Circuit breaker | If the current flowing through it rises above a certain level, the circuit breaker flips its internal switch to open the circuit and stop the electric flow. Circuit breakers protect against short circuits and shock hazards.
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| Ground (grounding) | Something that is able to absorb electrical charges.
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| An electrical device with an abundance of electrons will do which of the following when grounded? | Give up electrons until neutral
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| Which of the following is a common conductor? Plastic, copper, glass, or wood? | Copper
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| What property makes a substance a good insulator? | They have few free electrons
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| A closed circuit will conduct electricity. T or F? | True
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| Allows electrons to flow in only one direction | Diode
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| What charge will an atom with more protons than electrons have? | Positive
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| The movement of which of the following is most often recognized as electricity? | Electrons
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| Which of the following will move in solid conductors? | Negative charges
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| According to Coulomb's law, what will happen to the electrostatic force between two charges if the distance between them is cut in half? | Quadruples
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| When electrons are rubbed off one object and deposited to another, this is electrification by: | Friction
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| What happens to the electric potential as the electric field increases? | Increases
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| Which of the following are required for electric current to exist? | Electric potential difference.
Suitable medium in which to travel.
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| If a giving conductor is carrying a high voltage, what is the amperage? | Low
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| In which media will ions drift towards the oppositely charged electrode? | Gas and ionic solution
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| The property of a conductor that hinders the flow of electricity is? | Resistance
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| Nonmetals make the best conductors? T or F? | False
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| Which of the following is a common insulator? Plastic, aluminum, water or gold? | Plastic
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| An open circuit will conduct electricity? T or F? | False
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| What purpose does a circuit breaker serve in an electric circuit? | Protect against circuit overload
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| An electrical device with a deficiency of electrons will do which of the following when grounded? | Take on electrons until neutral
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