review packet
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| key functions of a router | switching from interfaces
acting as intersection between multiple networks
forwards packets to destination network
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| what do these components of routers do? NVRAM RAM(SD RAM) Flash ROM | NVRAM: where startup config is stored
RAM(SD RAM): where routing tables and mac addresses are stored (goes away when turned off)
Flash: where IOS is stored
ROM: a limited, stripped down IOS for emergencies
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| four steps to router bootup (in order) | 1. power on self test (POST)
2. bootstrap check
3. loads IOS from flash
4. startup configuration from NVRAM
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| how do you identify a: Level 1 route ultimate route parent child | ultimate: has out going interface or next hop IP
level 1: classful or supernetted, ultimate
child: always an ultimate route, and supernetted
parent: no outgoing interface, always classful or supernetted
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| how do you select the routing protocol if there are more than one that lead to the same destination network? | Pick the protocol with the lowest administrative distance (EIGRP)
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| What are the characteristics of a link-state routing protocol | 1. updates are sent to everybody in a network
2. sends updates periodically/only when needed
3. complete topological view of network
4. uses dijkstra shortest route first
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| what information can be learned from the show ip route command? | 1. which routing protocols used (can tell by administrative distance)
2. networks
3. metrics
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| what is the purpose of a metric in a routing protocol? | to compare and determine the best route
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| what are the default metrics for these routing protocols: RIP EIGRP OSPF | RIP: hop count
EIGRP: bandwidth & delay
OSPF: cost (inverse of bandwidth)
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| what do these metric values measure? hop count cost bandwidth | hop count: how many routers are between you and the destination network
cost: the value to indicate preference for a route
bandwidth: speed of a link
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| what do these metric values measure? delay load reliability | delay: the time difference of what it takes and what it should take
load: the amount of data/traffic on a link
reliability: the amount of errors on a link
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| which routing protocols support VLSM and therefore discontiguous networks? | OSPF
EIGRP
ISIS
RIPv2
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| which two devices can be used to connect to the internet? | modem (for DCE devices)
CSUDSU (digital modems)
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| When should these cables be used? patch (straight-through) crossover rollover | patch (straight-through): unlike devicecs
crossover: like devices
*except computer--router or switch--hub
rollover: console port on route--serial port on computer
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| which port should be used to configure a new router or one that has been erased? | console port
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| how do you access these router prompt modes? user exec privilege exec global config interface | user exec: (the initial mode)
privilege exec: enable
global config: config t
interface: interface fa0/0 (or whatever interface)
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| what information can be obtained from the show interface fastEthernet command? | the mac address of outgoing interfaces
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| which is the routing protocol or traffic forwarding that has the lowest overhead or uses the least resources? | static route
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