Vocabulary
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| integer | one of the set of whole numbers and their opposites
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| rational number | any number that can be expressed as a ration a/b where a and b are integers and b is not equal to 0
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| percent | ratio of a number to 100; per one hundred
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| circle graph | a graph used to compare the relationship of the parts to the whole
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| binary number system | a number system in which all numbers are expressed using only 2 digits, 0 and 1
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| square number | a number that can be represented with a square array
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| figurate number | a number that can be represented by a geometric figure
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| perfect square | a number that has an integer as its square root
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| iteration | a step in the process of repeating something over and over again
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| iteration diagram | a picture showing the steps of an iterating process
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| algebraic operating system (AOS) | a system used by scientific calculators which automatically follows the order of operations
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| reciprocal | one of 2 numbers whose product is 1
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| numerical expression | an expression that contains only numbers and operations.
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| algebraic expression | an expression that is written using one or more variables.
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| variable | a letter used to represent one or more numbers in an expression, equation, or inequality.
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| evaluate | the process of putting an expression into its simplest numerical form, as a single number.
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| term | an element or number in a sequence.
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| like terms | 2 or more terms that have the same variable raised to the same power.
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| sequence | an ordered list of numbers.
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| term | an element or number in a sequence.
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| arithmetic sequence | an ordered list of numbers in which the difference of any term and the one after it is always the same.
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| common difference | the difference between any 2 successive terms in an arithmetic sequence.
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| equation | a mathematical sentence that shows 2 expressions are equivalent.
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| solve | to find the correct value of the variable in an equation.
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| solution | the value that makes 2 sides of an equation equal.
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| proportion | an equation which states that 2 ratios are equivalent.
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| inequality | a mathematical sentence that shows the relationship between quantities that are not equivalent using <,>,<, >, or not equal.
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| quadrant | one of the 4 regions of the coordinate plane.
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| elements | the words, numbers, or objects in a set.
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| relation | a set of ordered pairs.
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| domain | the set of the first elements of a relation.
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| range | the difference between the greatest number and the least number in a set of data.
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| function | a relation in which each element in the domain is matched with only one element of the range.
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| vertical line test | a test to determine whether or not a relation is a function.
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| linear equation | an equation that can be represented by a line on the coordinate plane.
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| complementary angles | 2 angles whose measures have a sum of 90 degrees.
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| supplementary angles | 2 angles whose sum equals 180 degrees.
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| adjacent angles | angles that share a common side, have the save vertex, and do not overlap.
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| vertical angles | a pair of opposite congruent angles formed by intersecting lines.
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| line symmetry | a figure has line symmetry if a line can separate the figure into 2 congruent parts.
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| rotational symmetry | when a figure can be rotated less than 360 degrees about a central point and be made to match or coincide with the original.
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| point of rotation | the point about which a rotation is centered.
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| transformation | a change in a figure that results in a different position, shape, size, and/or orientation.
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| translation | a movement of a geometric figure to a new position without turning or flipping.
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| rotation | a type of transformation, or movement, that results when a geometric figure is turned about a fixed point.
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| reflection | the figure formed by flipping a geometric figure about a line to obtain a mirror image.
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| image | the figure in a new position or location as the result of a transformation.
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| bisect | to divide into 2 congruent parts.
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| midpoint | the point that divides a line segment into 2 congruent line segments.
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| perpendicular bisector | a line that intersects a line segment at its midpoint.
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| Side-Side-Side (SSS) | a triangle congruence rule stating that 3 sides of one triangle match 3 side of another.
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| Side-Angle-Side (SAS) | a triangle congruence rule stating that 2 sides and the included angle of one triangle match 2 sides and the included angle of another triangle.
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| Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) | a triangle congruence rule stating that when2 angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to 2 angles and the included side of another triangle, the 2 triangles are congruent.
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| solid figures | a 3-dimensional figure.
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| polyhedron | a solid figure in which all the surfaces, or faces, are polygons.
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| net | a connected arrangement of polygons in a plane that can be folded up to form a polyhedron.
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| lateral face | in a prism or a pyramid, a face that is not a base.
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| tessellation | a repeating pattern of congruent plane figures that completely cover a place with no gaps or overlapping.
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| basic unit | in a tessellation, a figure that is repeated to make a pattern.
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| fractal | a self-similar figure produced by the endless repetition of geometric steps.
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| rate | a ratio that compares quantities of different units, such as miles per hour, price per pound, students per class.
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| unit rate | a rate in which the second term is 1.
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| unit price | a unit rate used to compare pries.
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| Golden Ratio | a ratio that is approximately equal to 1.61.
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| Golden Cut | the division of a sement into parts in the raito of l.61 to 1.
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| Golden Section | see Golden Cut.
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| similar figures | figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size.
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| proportional | 2 ratios that are equivalent.
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| scale factor | the common ratio for pairs of corresponding sides of similar figures.
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| dilation | a transformation that enlarges or reduces a figure.
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| scale drawing | a drawing that has its dimensions related by a scale factor to the dimensions of the object it represents.
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| Golden Rectangle | any rectangle with a length-to-width ratio of approximately 1.61 to 1.
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| Golden Ratio | a ratio that is approximately equal to 1.61.
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| triangular numbers | a sequence of numbers, 1,3,6,10, 15..... that can be shown geometrically with triangular arrays.
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| Pascal's triangle | a triangular arrangement of numbers in which each row starts and ends with 1 and each other number is the sum of the 2 numbers above it.
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| diverge | to get larger without bound.
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| converge | to approach some fixed value.
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| repeating decimal | a decimal in which one or more digits repeat indefinitely.
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| Density Property | the property which states that between any 2 rational numbers, there is always another rational number.
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| irrational number | a number that cannot be expressed as a repeating or terminating decimal.
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| geometric sequence | an ordered list of number that has a common ratio between consecutive terms.
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| common ratio | the ratio used to multiply each term to produce the next term in a geometric sequence.
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| population | the total or entire group to be studied.
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| sample | a smaller group of people or objects chosen from a larger group or population.
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| random sample | a population sample for which every individual in the population had an equal chance of being chosen.
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| systematic sample | a sample of a population that has been selected using a pattern.
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| stratified sample | a sample of a population that has been divided into subgroups.
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| biased sample | a sample that does not fairly represent the population.
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| central tendency | any of 3 measures (mean, median, mode) that represent a type of average of a set of data.
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| stacked bar graph | a graph used to compare the parts to the whole.
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| sample space | all possible outcomes in a given situation.
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| Fundamental Counting Principle | the principle which states that all possible outcomes in a sample space can be found by multiplying the number of way each event can occur.
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| mathematical probability | the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of all possible outcomes.
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| combination | an arrangement of items or events in which order does not matter.
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| permutation | an arrangement of items or events in which order is important.
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| experimental probability | the ratio of the number of times the event occurs to the total number of trials or time the activity is performed.
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| simulation | a model of an experiment that would be too difficult or too time-consuming to actually perform.
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| geometric probability | a probability calculated by comparing the area of a specific part to that of a total region.
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| precision | a property of measurement that is related to the unit of measure used; the smaller the unit of measure used, the more precise the measurement.
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| greatest possible error | half of the unit used in the measurement.
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| network | a figure made up of vertices and edges that show how objects are connected.
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| leg | in a right triangle, either of the 2 sides that intersect to form the right angle; in an isosceles triangle, one of the 2 congruent sides.
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| hypotenuse | in a right triangle, the side opposite the right angle.
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| surface area | the sum of the areas of the faces, or surfaces, of a solid figure.
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| lateral surface | in a cylinder, the curved surface connecting the circular bases.
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| volume | the number of cubic units needed to occupy a given space.
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| discount | the amount by which the original price is reduced.
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| sale price | the price of a product after the discount has been subtracted from the original price.
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| wholesale price | the price paid when large quantities of products are purchased.
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| retail price | the sum of the wholesale price and markup.
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| markup | the difference between the retail price and the wholesale price.
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| simple interest | the amount obtained by multiplying the principal by the rate of the time; i=prt.
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| principal | the amount of money borrowed or saved.
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| total amount | in the formula A=p+i, A is the sum of the principal and the interest.
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| finance charge | the interest charged when you pay a debt over time in payments.
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| scatterplot | a graph with points plotted that attempt to show a relationship between 2 variables.
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| positive correlation | when values of 2 sets of data increase or decrease together.
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| negative correlation | in a scatterplot, a pattern formed from data points shows the values of one variable increase as the values of the other variable decrease.
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| no correlation | in a scatterplot, data points are scattered, and no pattern can be formed from the points.
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Created by:
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