Vocabulary
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Solute | a substance dissolved in water.
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Solvent | is a liquid, solid, or gas that dissolves another solid, liquid, or gaseous solute.
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Aqueous | a solution in which the solent is water.
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Freezing Point depression | the difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent and a solution of a non electrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the molar concentration of the solution.
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Boiling Point elevation | the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.
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Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solution.
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Unsaturated | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions.
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Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.
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Distillation | a method of sperating mixtures based on the differences in the volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture.
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Filtering | seperating particles from a liquid through a porous material.
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Chromatography | the labratory term for separating mixtures.
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Solubility | the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
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Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.
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Homogeneous | having a uniform composition throughout.
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Heterogeneous | not having a composition reaction throughout.
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Suspension | a mixture in which the particles in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated.
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Colloid | a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions.
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Dissociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves.
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Electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to to give a solution that conducts electric current.
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Nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current.
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Precipitate | a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction and that separates from the solution.
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Ionic equation | symbolic representation of a chemical equation where the reactant entities are given on the left hand side and the product entities on the right.
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Molecular equation | balanced equation in which ionic compound re written as neutral formulas rather than as ions.
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Spectator ion | an ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in a solution both before and after the reaction.
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Acid | a substance that reacts with a base.
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Base | the ability to react with acids to form salts.
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Neutralization | the reaction of hydronium ions and and hydroxide ions to form water molecules.
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Oxidation | a reaction in which the ions or atoms of an element experience an increase in oxidation state.
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Reduction | a reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases.
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Molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.
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Molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
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Dilution | the process of making weaker or less concentrated.
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Titration | the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solutionof known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration.
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Concentration | a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.
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