Chemistry vocabulary words - solution
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Solute | the substance dissolved in a solution
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Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution
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Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase
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Aqueous | a solution or mixture in which water is the solvent.
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Freezing Point depression | the difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.
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Boiling Point elevation | the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.
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Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute.
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Unsaturated | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions.
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Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.
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Distillation | the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid.
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Filtering | a device (usually a membrane or layer) that is designed to physically block certain objects or substances while letting others through.
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Chromatography | the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures.
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Solubility | the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature.
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Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.
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Homogeneous | having a uniform composition throughout.
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Heterogeneous | not having a uniform composition throughout.
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Suspension | a mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated.
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Colloid | a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions.
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Disassociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves.
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Electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current.
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Nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current.
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Precipitate | a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution.
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Ionic equation | a compound composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal.
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Molecular equation | a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules.
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Spectator ion | an ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the reaction.
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Acid | a chemical species that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons.
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Base | a chemical species that donates electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons.
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Neutralization | the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules.
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Oxidation | a reaction in which the atoms or ions of an element experience an increase in oxidation state.
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Reduction | a reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases.
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Molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.
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Molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
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Dilution | reducing the concentration of a solution by adding solvent.
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Titration | the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration.
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Concentration | a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.
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