Chemistry Vocabulary
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| Solute | the substance dissolved in a solution.
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| Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution.
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| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase.
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| Aqueous | a solution in which the solvent is water.
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| Freezing Point depression | the difference between the freezing point solvent and a solution of a non-electrolyte in that solvent;is directly proportional to the molar concentration of the solution.
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| Boiling Point elevation | the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a non-electrolyte of that solvent, directly proportional to the molar concentration of the solution.
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| Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute.
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| Unsaturated | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions.
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| Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.
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| Distillation | is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in there velocities in a boiling liquid mixture.
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| Filtering | a device (usually a membrane or layer) that is designed to physically block certain objects or substances while letting others through.
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| Chromatography | is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures.
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| Solubility | is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent.
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| Mixture | is a material system made up by two or more different substances which are mixed together but are not combined chemically.
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| Homogeneous | A substance that is uniform in composition.
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| Heterogeneous | two or more substances which have been combined such that each substance retains its own chemical identity.
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| Suspension | is a heterogeneous fluid containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation.
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| Colloid | a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance.
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| Disassociation | a partial or complete disruption of the normal integration of a person’s conscious or psychological functioning.
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| Electrolyte | is any substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive.
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| Non-electrolyte | A substance that does exist in an ionic form in aqueous solution.
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| Precipitate | is the formation of a solid in a solution or inside another solid during a chemical reaction or by diffusion in a solid.
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| Ionic equation | is a chemical equation for a reaction which lists only those species participating in the reaction.
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| Molecular equation | a balanced chemical equation in which ionic compounds are written as neutral.
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| Spectator ion | is an ion that exists as a reactant and a product in a chemical equation.
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| Acid | is a substance which reacts with a base.
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| Base | a substance that can accept hydrogen ions or more generally, donate electron pairs.
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| Neutralization | the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules.
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| Oxidation | a reaction in which the atoms or ions of an element experience an increase in oxidation state.
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| Reduction | a reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases.
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| Molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.
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| Molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
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| Dilution | the process of making weaker or less concentrated.
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| Titration | the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration.
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| Concentration | a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.
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